Test Bank For Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition by Olga A. C. Ibsen
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, Test Bank For Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition by Olga A. C. Ibsen
Chapter 01: Introduction to Preliminary Diagnosis of Oral Lesions
Ibsen: Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which descriptive term is described as a segment that is part of the whole?
a. Bulla
b. Vesicle
c. Lobule
d. Pustule
ANS: C
A lobule is described as a segment or lobe that is part of a whole. A bulla is a large, elevated
N
lesion that contains serous fluid and may look like a blister. A vesicle is a small, elevated
lesion that contains serous fluid. Pustules are circumscribed elevations containing pus.
U
REF: Vocabulary, Clinical of Soft Tissue Lesions, page 1 OBJ: 1
2. A lesion with a sessile base is described as
a. an ulcer.
R
b. stemlike.
c. pedunculated.
d. flat and broad.
SE
ANS: D
Sessile describes the base of a lesion that is flat and broad. An ulcer is a break in the surface
epithelium. A stemlike lesionNisUrRefSeI
rrN
edGtK
oIasNpGe.
duCnO
cuMlated. A pedunculated lesion is stemlike
or stalk-based (similar to a mushroom).
REF: Vocabulary, Clinical Appearance of Soft Tissue Lesions, page 1
D
OBJ: 1
3. Which condition is not diagnosed through clinical appearance?
O
a. Mandibular tori
b. Fordyce granules
c. Black hairy tongue
d. Compound odontoma
C
ANS: D
The compound odontoma is initially identified radiographically as a radiopaque area in which
tooth structure can be identified. No clinical component exists. Mandibular tori are identified
S
clinically as areas of exostosis on the lingual aspects of mandibular premolars. Fordyce
granules are yellow clusters of ectopic sebaceous glands diagnosed through clinical
appearance. Black hairy tongue is diagnosed clinically. The filiform papillae on the dorsal
tongue elongate and become brown or black. Causes include tobacco, alcohol, hydrogen
peroxide, chemical rinses, antibiotics, and antacids.
REF: Radiographic Diagnosis, page 9 OBJ: 3
4. Another name for geographic tongue is
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, Test Bank For Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition by Olga A. C. Ibsen
a. median rhomboid glossitis.
b. benign migratory glossitis.
c. fissured tongue.
d. black hairy tongue.
ANS: B
Benign migratory glossitis is another name for geographic tongue. Research suggests that
median rhomboid glossitis is associated with a chronic fungal infection from Candida
albicans. Sometimes the condition resolves with antifungal therapy. Fissured tongue is seen in
5% of the population. It is a variant of normal. Genetic factors are typically associated with
the condition. Black hairy tongue is caused by a reaction to chemicals, tobacco, hydrogen
peroxide, or antacids. The filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue become elongated and are
dark brown to black.
N
REF: Geographic Tongue, page 24 OBJ: 7
5. This bony hard structure in the midline of the hard palate is genetic in origin and inherited in
U
an autosomal dominant manner. The diagnosis is made through clinical appearance. Which
condition is suspected?
R
SE
NURSINGKING.COM
D
O
a. Palatal cyst
b. Torus palatinus
c. Mixed tumor
d. Ranula
C
ANS: B
A torus palatinus is developmental and bony hard and is found on the midline of the palate.
Diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical appearance. A palatal cyst appears radiolucent on a
S
radiographic examination and is not diagnosed through clinical appearance. A mixed tumor or
pleomorphic adenoma is a benign tumor of salivary gland origin, found unilaterally off the
midline of the hard palate. It is composed of tumor tissue that is not bony hard to palpation.
Ranula is a term used for a mucocele-like lesion that forms unilaterally on the floor of the
mouth.
REF: Torus Palatinus, page 21 OBJ: 4
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, Test Bank For Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition by Olga A. C. Ibsen
6. The gray-white opalescent film seen on the buccal mucosa of 85% of black adults is a variant
of normal that requires no treatment and is termed
a. linea alba.
b. leukoedema.
c. leukoplakia.
d. white sponge nevus.
ANS: B
Leukoedema is a diffuse opalescence most commonly seen on the buccal mucosa in black
individuals. Linea alba is a “white line” that extends anteroposteriorly on the buccal mucosa
along the occlusal plane. It is most prominent in patients who have a clenching or grinding
habit. Leukoplakia is a clinical term for a white lesion, the cause of which is unknown. White
sponge nevus is a genetic (autosomal dominant) trait. Clinically, it is characterized by a soft
white, folded (or corrugated) oral mucosa. A thick layer of keratin produces the whitening.
N
REF: Leukoedema, page 23 OBJ: 8
U
7. Which condition most likely responds to therapeutic diagnosis?
a. Angular cheilitis
b. Amelogenesis imperfecta
c. Paget disease
R
d. Stafne bone cyst
ANS: A
Angular cheilitis most commonly responds to antifungal therapy once nutritional deficiencies
SE
have been ruled out. Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetic condition associated with abnormal
development of the enamel. Paget disease is a chronic metabolic bone disease. A highly
elevated serum alkaline phospNhUatRaS
seIleNvGelKcIoN
ntG
ri.
buCteOsMsignificantly to the diagnosis. A Stafne
bone cyst is determined through surgical diagnosis in which entrapped salivary gland tissue is
identified.
D
REF: Therapeutic Diagnosis, page 18 OBJ: 3
8. The gingival enlargement in this patient was caused by a calcium channel blocker. Which
O
medication is the likely cause?
C
S
a. Dilantin
b. Nifedipine
c. Quinidine
d. Clozapine
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, Test Bank For Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition by Olga A. C. Ibsen
ANS: B
Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker. Dilantin is an anticonvulsant used to prevent or
control seizures. Quinidine is an antiarrhythmic agent used to treat cardiac arrhythmias.
Clozapine is an antipsychotic used in the management of psychotic symptoms in
schizophrenia.
REF: Historical Diagnosis, Fig. 1.38, page 17 OBJ: 3
9. Radiographic features, including cotton-wool radiopacities and hypercementosis, are
especially helpful in the diagnosis of
a. Paget disease.
b. dentinogenesis imperfecta.
c. anemia.
N
d. diabetes.
ANS: A
Paget disease is a chronic metabolic bone disease. Radiographically, cotton-wool radiopacities
U
and hypercementosis are characteristic features. Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a genetic
condition involving a defect in the development of dentin. Anemia, a decrease in red blood
cells, requires blood tests to determine the etiologic factors. Diabetes is a chronic disorder of
R
carbohydrate metabolism characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels.
REF: Laboratory Diagnosis, Fig. 1.40, pages 16, 18 OBJ: 3
SE
10. In internal resorption, the radiolucency seen on radiographic examination is usually
a. well circumscribed.
b. diffuse. NURSINGKING.COM
c. multilocular.
d. unilocular.
D
ANS: B
Diffuse borders are ill defined, making it impossible to detect the exact parameters of the
lesion. Therefore treatment is more difficult. Well circumscribed describes borders that are
specifically defined. Exact margins of the lesion are identified. Multilocular has also been
O
described as resembling “soap bubbles”; lobes seem to fuse together to make up the lesion.
This term has been used to describe the odontogenic keratocyst. Unilocular means having one
compartment or unit that is well defined. This term is often used to describe the radicular cyst.
C
REF: Vocabulary, Radiographic Terms Used to Describe Lesions in Bone, page 5
OBJ: 1
S
11. Which condition is diagnosed through clinical appearance?
a. Fordyce granules
b. Unerupted mesiodens
c. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia
d. Traumatic bone cyst
ANS: A
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, Test Bank For Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition by Olga A. C. Ibsen
Fordyce granules are diagnosed on the basis of their clinical appearance. They are ectopic
sebaceous glands seen on the lips and buccal mucosa. Clinically, they appear as yellow
lobules in clusters and are considered a variant of normal. Unerupted mesiodens requires a
radiographic image for diagnosis. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia requires a
radiographic image, specific patient history, and a pulp test to evaluate tooth vitality.
Traumatic bone cyst requires a radiographic image and surgical intervention to establish a
diagnosis.
REF: Clinical Diagnosis, page 7 | Fordyce Granules, page 20 OBJ: 3
12. Retrocuspid papillae are located on the
a. palate.
b. floor of the mouth.
c. gingival margin of the lingual aspect of mandibular cuspids.
N
d. canine eminence.
ANS: C
U
Retrocuspid papillae are located on the gingival margin of the lingual aspect of mandibular
cuspids. Retrocuspid papillae are not located on the palate. Retrocuspid papillae are not
located on the floor of the mouth. Retrocuspid papillae are not located on the canine
eminence.
R
REF: Retrocuspid Papilla, page 22 OBJ: 3
SE
13. Which condition is not considered a variant of normal?
a. Fordyce granules
b. Leukoedema
c. Linea alba NURSINGKING.COM
d. Pyogenic granuloma
ANS: D
D
Pyogenic granuloma is a reactive inflammatory response to injury. It is not a variant of
normal. Fordyce granules are seen in more than 80% of adults over 20 years of age and are
considered a variant of normal. Leukoedema is observed in about 85% of black individuals
O
and is considered a variant of normal. Linea alba is located on the buccal mucosa along the
occlusal plane of the teeth. It is most prominent in patients who have a clenching or bruxism
habit. It is so common that it is considered a variant of normal.
C
REF: Box 1-1, Case Study, page 20 | Variants of Normal, pages 21-23
OBJ: 6
14. When antifungal therapy is used to treat angular cheilitis, which diagnostic process is being
S
applied?
a. Microscopic
b. Laboratory
c. Surgical
d. Therapeutic
ANS: D
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, Test Bank For Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition by Olga A. C. Ibsen
Therapeutic diagnosis is used here in the treatment and management of angular cheilitis,
which is most commonly a fungal condition. A careful patient history should be obtained to
rule out a contributory nutritional deficiency. Microscopic diagnosis requires a biopsy.
Laboratory diagnosis involves the use of clinical laboratory tests, including blood chemistries
and urinalysis. Surgical diagnosis requires surgical intervention.
REF: Therapeutic Diagnosis, page 18 OBJ: 3
15. A lesion with a stemlike base is described as
a. sessile.
b. macular.
c. pedunculated.
d. lobulated.
N
ANS: C
Pedunculated means the lesion has a stemlike or stalklike base similar to that of a mushroom.
A sessile base is broad and flat. A macular lesion is flat, does not protrude, and is
U
distinguished by its color. A freckle is an example of a macule. Lobulated means the lesion
consists of lobules making up the whole.
REF: Vocabulary, Clinical Appearance of Soft Tissue Lesions, page 1
R
OBJ: 8
16. A small, circumscribed lesion, usually less than 1 cm in diameter, that is elevated or protrudes
SE
above the surface of normal surrounding tissue is termed a
a. papule.
b. macule.
c. vesicle. NURSINGKING.COM
d. bulla.
ANS: A
D
A papule is defined as a small circumscribed lesion, usually less than 1 cm in diameter, that is
elevated or protrudes above the surface of normal surrounding tissue. A macule is flat and
does not protrude above the surface of normal tissue. A vesicle is elevated and contains serous
O
fluid. A bulla is elevated, contains serous fluid, and looks like a blister.
REF: Vocabulary, Clinical Appearance of Soft Tissue Lesions, page 1
OBJ: 1
C
17. Which condition is considered a genetic/inherited disorder?
a. Linea alba
b. Amelogenesis imperfecta
S
c. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
d. Internal resorption
ANS: B
Amelogenesis imperfecta represents a group of inherited conditions affecting the enamel of
teeth. Linea alba is a variant of normal characterized by the white line that extends
anteroposteriorly on the buccal mucosa, along the occlusal plane. Necrotizing ulcerative
gingivitis is an ulcerating gingival condition caused by anaerobic bacteria. Internal resorption
is usually associated with an inflammatory response in the pulp.
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, Test Bank For Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition by Olga A. C. Ibsen
REF: Historical Diagnosis, page 15 OBJ: 3
18. Ectopic geographic tongue can be found in which location?
a. On the lateral border of the tongue
b. Within bone
c. On mucosal surfaces other than the tongue
d. The dorsal surface of the tongue
ANS: C
Ectopic geographic tongue is also called stomatitis areata migrans and is found on mucosal
surfaces other than the tongue. Geographic tongue may be seen on any surface of the tongue,
including the lateral borders. Ectopic geographic tongue is a mucosal condition and is
unrelated to the bone. Geographic tongue may be seen on any mucosal surface and is
commonly seen on the dorsal surface of the tongue.
N
REF: Geographic Tongue, page 24 OBJ: 7
19. A Stafne bone cyst contains
U
a. salivary gland tissue.
b. an empty void.
c. inflammatory cells.
R
d. an epithelium-lined cyst containing serous fluid.
ANS: A
Stafne bone cyst is a developmental invagination in the lingual aspect of the mandible that is
SE
filled with salivary gland tissue. An empty void describes the contents of a traumatic bone
cyst. A Stafne bone cyst has no inflammatory response. It is developmental and requires no
treatment. A Stafne bone cystNiUsRnoSt I
aNtrG
ueKcIyN
stGa.
ndCdOoM
es not have an epithelial lining. It
contains normal salivary gland tissue.
REF: Surgical Diagnosis, page 18 OBJ: 3
D
20. Which papillae are elongated in the condition black hairy tongue?
a. Circumvallate
O
b. Foliate
c. Filiform
d. Fungiform
C
ANS: C
The filiform papillae are composed primarily of keratin and are the papillae that elongate in
black hairy tongue. Circumvallate papillae on the posterior dorsal tongue do not elongate.
Foliate papillae are located on the posterior lateral borders of the tongue. They are vertical,
S
slightly exophytic folds of tissue located in the same area as the lingual lymphoid tissue
(lingual tonsils) and do not elongate. Fungiform papillae on the dorsal areas do not elongate.
REF: Hairy Tongue, page 24 OBJ: 3
21. Diagnosis of anemia is best accomplished through which examination?
a. Laboratory tests
b. Evaluation of the color of the gingiva
c. Bleeding on probing
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, Test Bank For Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition by Olga A. C. Ibsen
d. Patient medical history
ANS: A
Laboratory blood tests provide the best information with which to diagnose anemia. Although
the color of the gingiva may be a clinical sign, a diagnosis of anemia, or more specifically the
type of anemia, must be made through laboratory testing. Bleeding on probing is not useful in
the diagnosis of anemia. The patient’s medical history may be helpful in the diagnosis of
anemia, but it is only contributory. The final diagnosis comes from appropriate laboratory
tests.
REF: Laboratory Diagnosis, page 16 OBJ: 3
22. A radiolucency that “scallops around the roots of teeth” is often used to describe which
condition?
N
a. Traumatic bone cyst
b. Stafne bone cyst
c. Lingual mandibular bone concavity
U
d. Median palatine cyst
ANS: A
Scalloping around the roots is a term often used to describe the radiographic appearance of a
R
traumatic bone cyst. A Stafne bone cyst usually presents as an oval radiolucency anterior to
the angle of the ramus and inferior to the mandibular canal. A lingual mandibular bone
concavity is the same lesion as a Stafne bone cyst. A median palatine cyst is a developmental
cyst that presents as a unilocular radiolucency found in the midline of the hard palate.
SE
REF: Vocabulary, Radiographic Terms Used to Describe Lesions in Bone, page 5
OBJ: 3 NURSINGKING.COM
23. When geographic tongue occurs on the dorsal tongue, the erythematous areas are described as
a. inflamed.
D
b. depapillated.
c. allergic.
d. fungal.
O
ANS: B
In geographic tongue, the erythematous areas on the dorsal tongue are devoid of filiform
papillae and therefore are appropriately described as depapillated. The erythematous areas
C
seen on the dorsal tongue in geographic tongue are not caused primarily by inflammation.
Geographic tongue is not an allergic reaction. Geographic tongue is not a fungal infection.
REF: Geographic Tongue, page 24 OBJ: 7
S
24. It has been suggested that Candida albicans is associated with which condition?
a. Median rhomboid glossitis
b. Linea alba
c. Leukoedema
d. Retrocuspid papillae
ANS: A
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, Test Bank For Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition by Olga A. C. Ibsen
Research has suggested that median rhomboid glossitis may be associated with Candida
albicans. Linea alba is a variant of normal. Leukoedema is a variant of normal. Retrocuspid
papillae are developmental and found on the gingiva of the lingual aspect of mandibular
canine teeth.
REF: Median Rhomboid Glossitis, page 23 OBJ: 7
25. Which term is used to describe a radiographic lesion with borders that are specifically defined,
revealing the exact margins and extent of the lesion?
a. Unilocular
b. Well circumscribed
c. Diffuse
d. Multilocular
N
ANS: B
Well circumscribed defines a lesion with borders that are specifically defined and in which
one can see the exact margins and extent of the lesion. Unilocular means having one
U
compartment or unit that is well defined (as in a radicular cyst). Diffuse describes a lesion
with borders that are not well defined. Multilocular lesions are described radiographically as
resembling “soap bubbles” (i.e., a lesion with many lobes beyond the confines of one distinct
area).
R
REF: Vocabulary, Radiographic Terms Used to Describe Lesions in Bone, page 5
OBJ: 1
SE
26. Fordyce granules
a. are ectopic sebaceous glands.
b. are seen on the dorsal surNfaU
ceRoSf IthNeGtoKnI
guNeG
. .COM
c. require antibiotic treatment.
d. are lesions that require biopsy for diagnosis.
D
ANS: A
Fordyce granules are ectopic sebaceous glands. Fordyce granules are seen on the buccal and
labial mucosa, not the dorsal tongue. Fordyce granules require no treatment. Fordyce granules
O
are diagnosed through clinical appearance. Biopsy is not necessary.
REF: Fordyce Granules, page 20 OBJ: 4
C
27. The base of this lesion is correctly described as
S
a. pedunculated.
b. lobule.
c. bulla.
d. sessile.
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TESTBANKSYNDICATE@2025
IUYTRE
, Test Bank For Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition by Olga A. C. Ibsen
Chapter 01: Introduction to Preliminary Diagnosis of Oral Lesions
Ibsen: Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which descriptive term is described as a segment that is part of the whole?
a. Bulla
b. Vesicle
c. Lobule
d. Pustule
ANS: C
A lobule is described as a segment or lobe that is part of a whole. A bulla is a large, elevated
N
lesion that contains serous fluid and may look like a blister. A vesicle is a small, elevated
lesion that contains serous fluid. Pustules are circumscribed elevations containing pus.
U
REF: Vocabulary, Clinical of Soft Tissue Lesions, page 1 OBJ: 1
2. A lesion with a sessile base is described as
a. an ulcer.
R
b. stemlike.
c. pedunculated.
d. flat and broad.
SE
ANS: D
Sessile describes the base of a lesion that is flat and broad. An ulcer is a break in the surface
epithelium. A stemlike lesionNisUrRefSeI
rrN
edGtK
oIasNpGe.
duCnO
cuMlated. A pedunculated lesion is stemlike
or stalk-based (similar to a mushroom).
REF: Vocabulary, Clinical Appearance of Soft Tissue Lesions, page 1
D
OBJ: 1
3. Which condition is not diagnosed through clinical appearance?
O
a. Mandibular tori
b. Fordyce granules
c. Black hairy tongue
d. Compound odontoma
C
ANS: D
The compound odontoma is initially identified radiographically as a radiopaque area in which
tooth structure can be identified. No clinical component exists. Mandibular tori are identified
S
clinically as areas of exostosis on the lingual aspects of mandibular premolars. Fordyce
granules are yellow clusters of ectopic sebaceous glands diagnosed through clinical
appearance. Black hairy tongue is diagnosed clinically. The filiform papillae on the dorsal
tongue elongate and become brown or black. Causes include tobacco, alcohol, hydrogen
peroxide, chemical rinses, antibiotics, and antacids.
REF: Radiographic Diagnosis, page 9 OBJ: 3
4. Another name for geographic tongue is
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, Test Bank For Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition by Olga A. C. Ibsen
a. median rhomboid glossitis.
b. benign migratory glossitis.
c. fissured tongue.
d. black hairy tongue.
ANS: B
Benign migratory glossitis is another name for geographic tongue. Research suggests that
median rhomboid glossitis is associated with a chronic fungal infection from Candida
albicans. Sometimes the condition resolves with antifungal therapy. Fissured tongue is seen in
5% of the population. It is a variant of normal. Genetic factors are typically associated with
the condition. Black hairy tongue is caused by a reaction to chemicals, tobacco, hydrogen
peroxide, or antacids. The filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue become elongated and are
dark brown to black.
N
REF: Geographic Tongue, page 24 OBJ: 7
5. This bony hard structure in the midline of the hard palate is genetic in origin and inherited in
U
an autosomal dominant manner. The diagnosis is made through clinical appearance. Which
condition is suspected?
R
SE
NURSINGKING.COM
D
O
a. Palatal cyst
b. Torus palatinus
c. Mixed tumor
d. Ranula
C
ANS: B
A torus palatinus is developmental and bony hard and is found on the midline of the palate.
Diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical appearance. A palatal cyst appears radiolucent on a
S
radiographic examination and is not diagnosed through clinical appearance. A mixed tumor or
pleomorphic adenoma is a benign tumor of salivary gland origin, found unilaterally off the
midline of the hard palate. It is composed of tumor tissue that is not bony hard to palpation.
Ranula is a term used for a mucocele-like lesion that forms unilaterally on the floor of the
mouth.
REF: Torus Palatinus, page 21 OBJ: 4
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, Test Bank For Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition by Olga A. C. Ibsen
6. The gray-white opalescent film seen on the buccal mucosa of 85% of black adults is a variant
of normal that requires no treatment and is termed
a. linea alba.
b. leukoedema.
c. leukoplakia.
d. white sponge nevus.
ANS: B
Leukoedema is a diffuse opalescence most commonly seen on the buccal mucosa in black
individuals. Linea alba is a “white line” that extends anteroposteriorly on the buccal mucosa
along the occlusal plane. It is most prominent in patients who have a clenching or grinding
habit. Leukoplakia is a clinical term for a white lesion, the cause of which is unknown. White
sponge nevus is a genetic (autosomal dominant) trait. Clinically, it is characterized by a soft
white, folded (or corrugated) oral mucosa. A thick layer of keratin produces the whitening.
N
REF: Leukoedema, page 23 OBJ: 8
U
7. Which condition most likely responds to therapeutic diagnosis?
a. Angular cheilitis
b. Amelogenesis imperfecta
c. Paget disease
R
d. Stafne bone cyst
ANS: A
Angular cheilitis most commonly responds to antifungal therapy once nutritional deficiencies
SE
have been ruled out. Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetic condition associated with abnormal
development of the enamel. Paget disease is a chronic metabolic bone disease. A highly
elevated serum alkaline phospNhUatRaS
seIleNvGelKcIoN
ntG
ri.
buCteOsMsignificantly to the diagnosis. A Stafne
bone cyst is determined through surgical diagnosis in which entrapped salivary gland tissue is
identified.
D
REF: Therapeutic Diagnosis, page 18 OBJ: 3
8. The gingival enlargement in this patient was caused by a calcium channel blocker. Which
O
medication is the likely cause?
C
S
a. Dilantin
b. Nifedipine
c. Quinidine
d. Clozapine
TESTBANKSYNDICATE@2025
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, Test Bank For Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition by Olga A. C. Ibsen
ANS: B
Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker. Dilantin is an anticonvulsant used to prevent or
control seizures. Quinidine is an antiarrhythmic agent used to treat cardiac arrhythmias.
Clozapine is an antipsychotic used in the management of psychotic symptoms in
schizophrenia.
REF: Historical Diagnosis, Fig. 1.38, page 17 OBJ: 3
9. Radiographic features, including cotton-wool radiopacities and hypercementosis, are
especially helpful in the diagnosis of
a. Paget disease.
b. dentinogenesis imperfecta.
c. anemia.
N
d. diabetes.
ANS: A
Paget disease is a chronic metabolic bone disease. Radiographically, cotton-wool radiopacities
U
and hypercementosis are characteristic features. Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a genetic
condition involving a defect in the development of dentin. Anemia, a decrease in red blood
cells, requires blood tests to determine the etiologic factors. Diabetes is a chronic disorder of
R
carbohydrate metabolism characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels.
REF: Laboratory Diagnosis, Fig. 1.40, pages 16, 18 OBJ: 3
SE
10. In internal resorption, the radiolucency seen on radiographic examination is usually
a. well circumscribed.
b. diffuse. NURSINGKING.COM
c. multilocular.
d. unilocular.
D
ANS: B
Diffuse borders are ill defined, making it impossible to detect the exact parameters of the
lesion. Therefore treatment is more difficult. Well circumscribed describes borders that are
specifically defined. Exact margins of the lesion are identified. Multilocular has also been
O
described as resembling “soap bubbles”; lobes seem to fuse together to make up the lesion.
This term has been used to describe the odontogenic keratocyst. Unilocular means having one
compartment or unit that is well defined. This term is often used to describe the radicular cyst.
C
REF: Vocabulary, Radiographic Terms Used to Describe Lesions in Bone, page 5
OBJ: 1
S
11. Which condition is diagnosed through clinical appearance?
a. Fordyce granules
b. Unerupted mesiodens
c. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia
d. Traumatic bone cyst
ANS: A
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Fordyce granules are diagnosed on the basis of their clinical appearance. They are ectopic
sebaceous glands seen on the lips and buccal mucosa. Clinically, they appear as yellow
lobules in clusters and are considered a variant of normal. Unerupted mesiodens requires a
radiographic image for diagnosis. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia requires a
radiographic image, specific patient history, and a pulp test to evaluate tooth vitality.
Traumatic bone cyst requires a radiographic image and surgical intervention to establish a
diagnosis.
REF: Clinical Diagnosis, page 7 | Fordyce Granules, page 20 OBJ: 3
12. Retrocuspid papillae are located on the
a. palate.
b. floor of the mouth.
c. gingival margin of the lingual aspect of mandibular cuspids.
N
d. canine eminence.
ANS: C
U
Retrocuspid papillae are located on the gingival margin of the lingual aspect of mandibular
cuspids. Retrocuspid papillae are not located on the palate. Retrocuspid papillae are not
located on the floor of the mouth. Retrocuspid papillae are not located on the canine
eminence.
R
REF: Retrocuspid Papilla, page 22 OBJ: 3
SE
13. Which condition is not considered a variant of normal?
a. Fordyce granules
b. Leukoedema
c. Linea alba NURSINGKING.COM
d. Pyogenic granuloma
ANS: D
D
Pyogenic granuloma is a reactive inflammatory response to injury. It is not a variant of
normal. Fordyce granules are seen in more than 80% of adults over 20 years of age and are
considered a variant of normal. Leukoedema is observed in about 85% of black individuals
O
and is considered a variant of normal. Linea alba is located on the buccal mucosa along the
occlusal plane of the teeth. It is most prominent in patients who have a clenching or bruxism
habit. It is so common that it is considered a variant of normal.
C
REF: Box 1-1, Case Study, page 20 | Variants of Normal, pages 21-23
OBJ: 6
14. When antifungal therapy is used to treat angular cheilitis, which diagnostic process is being
S
applied?
a. Microscopic
b. Laboratory
c. Surgical
d. Therapeutic
ANS: D
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Therapeutic diagnosis is used here in the treatment and management of angular cheilitis,
which is most commonly a fungal condition. A careful patient history should be obtained to
rule out a contributory nutritional deficiency. Microscopic diagnosis requires a biopsy.
Laboratory diagnosis involves the use of clinical laboratory tests, including blood chemistries
and urinalysis. Surgical diagnosis requires surgical intervention.
REF: Therapeutic Diagnosis, page 18 OBJ: 3
15. A lesion with a stemlike base is described as
a. sessile.
b. macular.
c. pedunculated.
d. lobulated.
N
ANS: C
Pedunculated means the lesion has a stemlike or stalklike base similar to that of a mushroom.
A sessile base is broad and flat. A macular lesion is flat, does not protrude, and is
U
distinguished by its color. A freckle is an example of a macule. Lobulated means the lesion
consists of lobules making up the whole.
REF: Vocabulary, Clinical Appearance of Soft Tissue Lesions, page 1
R
OBJ: 8
16. A small, circumscribed lesion, usually less than 1 cm in diameter, that is elevated or protrudes
SE
above the surface of normal surrounding tissue is termed a
a. papule.
b. macule.
c. vesicle. NURSINGKING.COM
d. bulla.
ANS: A
D
A papule is defined as a small circumscribed lesion, usually less than 1 cm in diameter, that is
elevated or protrudes above the surface of normal surrounding tissue. A macule is flat and
does not protrude above the surface of normal tissue. A vesicle is elevated and contains serous
O
fluid. A bulla is elevated, contains serous fluid, and looks like a blister.
REF: Vocabulary, Clinical Appearance of Soft Tissue Lesions, page 1
OBJ: 1
C
17. Which condition is considered a genetic/inherited disorder?
a. Linea alba
b. Amelogenesis imperfecta
S
c. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
d. Internal resorption
ANS: B
Amelogenesis imperfecta represents a group of inherited conditions affecting the enamel of
teeth. Linea alba is a variant of normal characterized by the white line that extends
anteroposteriorly on the buccal mucosa, along the occlusal plane. Necrotizing ulcerative
gingivitis is an ulcerating gingival condition caused by anaerobic bacteria. Internal resorption
is usually associated with an inflammatory response in the pulp.
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REF: Historical Diagnosis, page 15 OBJ: 3
18. Ectopic geographic tongue can be found in which location?
a. On the lateral border of the tongue
b. Within bone
c. On mucosal surfaces other than the tongue
d. The dorsal surface of the tongue
ANS: C
Ectopic geographic tongue is also called stomatitis areata migrans and is found on mucosal
surfaces other than the tongue. Geographic tongue may be seen on any surface of the tongue,
including the lateral borders. Ectopic geographic tongue is a mucosal condition and is
unrelated to the bone. Geographic tongue may be seen on any mucosal surface and is
commonly seen on the dorsal surface of the tongue.
N
REF: Geographic Tongue, page 24 OBJ: 7
19. A Stafne bone cyst contains
U
a. salivary gland tissue.
b. an empty void.
c. inflammatory cells.
R
d. an epithelium-lined cyst containing serous fluid.
ANS: A
Stafne bone cyst is a developmental invagination in the lingual aspect of the mandible that is
SE
filled with salivary gland tissue. An empty void describes the contents of a traumatic bone
cyst. A Stafne bone cyst has no inflammatory response. It is developmental and requires no
treatment. A Stafne bone cystNiUsRnoSt I
aNtrG
ueKcIyN
stGa.
ndCdOoM
es not have an epithelial lining. It
contains normal salivary gland tissue.
REF: Surgical Diagnosis, page 18 OBJ: 3
D
20. Which papillae are elongated in the condition black hairy tongue?
a. Circumvallate
O
b. Foliate
c. Filiform
d. Fungiform
C
ANS: C
The filiform papillae are composed primarily of keratin and are the papillae that elongate in
black hairy tongue. Circumvallate papillae on the posterior dorsal tongue do not elongate.
Foliate papillae are located on the posterior lateral borders of the tongue. They are vertical,
S
slightly exophytic folds of tissue located in the same area as the lingual lymphoid tissue
(lingual tonsils) and do not elongate. Fungiform papillae on the dorsal areas do not elongate.
REF: Hairy Tongue, page 24 OBJ: 3
21. Diagnosis of anemia is best accomplished through which examination?
a. Laboratory tests
b. Evaluation of the color of the gingiva
c. Bleeding on probing
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d. Patient medical history
ANS: A
Laboratory blood tests provide the best information with which to diagnose anemia. Although
the color of the gingiva may be a clinical sign, a diagnosis of anemia, or more specifically the
type of anemia, must be made through laboratory testing. Bleeding on probing is not useful in
the diagnosis of anemia. The patient’s medical history may be helpful in the diagnosis of
anemia, but it is only contributory. The final diagnosis comes from appropriate laboratory
tests.
REF: Laboratory Diagnosis, page 16 OBJ: 3
22. A radiolucency that “scallops around the roots of teeth” is often used to describe which
condition?
N
a. Traumatic bone cyst
b. Stafne bone cyst
c. Lingual mandibular bone concavity
U
d. Median palatine cyst
ANS: A
Scalloping around the roots is a term often used to describe the radiographic appearance of a
R
traumatic bone cyst. A Stafne bone cyst usually presents as an oval radiolucency anterior to
the angle of the ramus and inferior to the mandibular canal. A lingual mandibular bone
concavity is the same lesion as a Stafne bone cyst. A median palatine cyst is a developmental
cyst that presents as a unilocular radiolucency found in the midline of the hard palate.
SE
REF: Vocabulary, Radiographic Terms Used to Describe Lesions in Bone, page 5
OBJ: 3 NURSINGKING.COM
23. When geographic tongue occurs on the dorsal tongue, the erythematous areas are described as
a. inflamed.
D
b. depapillated.
c. allergic.
d. fungal.
O
ANS: B
In geographic tongue, the erythematous areas on the dorsal tongue are devoid of filiform
papillae and therefore are appropriately described as depapillated. The erythematous areas
C
seen on the dorsal tongue in geographic tongue are not caused primarily by inflammation.
Geographic tongue is not an allergic reaction. Geographic tongue is not a fungal infection.
REF: Geographic Tongue, page 24 OBJ: 7
S
24. It has been suggested that Candida albicans is associated with which condition?
a. Median rhomboid glossitis
b. Linea alba
c. Leukoedema
d. Retrocuspid papillae
ANS: A
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Research has suggested that median rhomboid glossitis may be associated with Candida
albicans. Linea alba is a variant of normal. Leukoedema is a variant of normal. Retrocuspid
papillae are developmental and found on the gingiva of the lingual aspect of mandibular
canine teeth.
REF: Median Rhomboid Glossitis, page 23 OBJ: 7
25. Which term is used to describe a radiographic lesion with borders that are specifically defined,
revealing the exact margins and extent of the lesion?
a. Unilocular
b. Well circumscribed
c. Diffuse
d. Multilocular
N
ANS: B
Well circumscribed defines a lesion with borders that are specifically defined and in which
one can see the exact margins and extent of the lesion. Unilocular means having one
U
compartment or unit that is well defined (as in a radicular cyst). Diffuse describes a lesion
with borders that are not well defined. Multilocular lesions are described radiographically as
resembling “soap bubbles” (i.e., a lesion with many lobes beyond the confines of one distinct
area).
R
REF: Vocabulary, Radiographic Terms Used to Describe Lesions in Bone, page 5
OBJ: 1
SE
26. Fordyce granules
a. are ectopic sebaceous glands.
b. are seen on the dorsal surNfaU
ceRoSf IthNeGtoKnI
guNeG
. .COM
c. require antibiotic treatment.
d. are lesions that require biopsy for diagnosis.
D
ANS: A
Fordyce granules are ectopic sebaceous glands. Fordyce granules are seen on the buccal and
labial mucosa, not the dorsal tongue. Fordyce granules require no treatment. Fordyce granules
O
are diagnosed through clinical appearance. Biopsy is not necessary.
REF: Fordyce Granules, page 20 OBJ: 4
C
27. The base of this lesion is correctly described as
S
a. pedunculated.
b. lobule.
c. bulla.
d. sessile.
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