RNSG 1341 - Final Exam - Key Points
questions well answered to pass
ventilation., - is the movement of gases in and out of the lungs - correct answer
✔✔diffusion., - is the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the
alveoli and the red blood cells
perfusion., - is the distribution of red blood cells to and from the pulmonary
capillaries - correct answer ✔✔.
Assess ventilation by determining respiratory rate, depth, rhythm and end-tidal
carbon dioxide (ETCO2) value. - correct answer ✔✔Assess diffusion and perfusion
by determining oxygen saturation.
The most important factor in the control of ventilation is the level of carbon
dioxide (CO2) in the arterial blood. - correct answer ✔✔An elevation in the carbon
dioxide (CO2) level causes the respiratory control system in the brain to increase
the rate and depth of breathing.
hypoxemia., - is Arterial blood oxygen level less than 60 (mmHg)., - it is a low
oxygen level in the blood. - correct answer ✔✔Hypoxemia helps to control
ventilation in patients with chronic lung disease.
Breathing is generally a passive process. - correct answer ✔✔.
,Inspiration is an active process, stimulated by chemical receptors in the aorta. -
correct answer ✔✔Expiration is a passive process that depends on the elastic
recoil properties of the lungs, requiring little or no muscle work.
eupnea., - is Normal respirations that are quiet, effortless, and rhythmical. -
correct answer ✔✔.
Exercise increases rate and depth to meet the need of the body for additional
oxygen and to rid the body of carbon dioxide (CO2). - correct answer ✔✔Anxiety.,
- Anxiety increases respiration rate and depth as a result of sympathetic
stimulation.
Acute Pain., - Pain alters rate and rhythm of respirations; breathing becomes
shallow. - correct answer ✔✔the Patient inhibits or splints chest wall movement
when pain is in area of chest or abdomen.
Smoking., - Chronic smoking changes pulmonary airways, resulting in increased
rate of respirations at rest when not smoking. - correct answer ✔✔Neurological
Injury., - Injury to brainstem impairs respiratory center and inhibits respiratory
rate and rhythm.
Body Position., - A straight, erect posture promotes full chest expansion. - correct
answer ✔✔A stooped or slumped position impairs ventilatory movement.
Lying flat prevents full chest expansion. - correct answer ✔✔.
Medications., - Opioid analgesics, general anesthetics, and sedative hypnotics
depress rate and depth. - correct answer ✔✔Amphetamines and cocaine
sometimes increase rate and depth.
,Bronchodilators slow rate by causing airway dilation. - correct answer ✔✔.
Hemoglobin Function., - Decreased hemoglobin levels (anemia) reduce oxygen-
carrying capacity of the blood, which increases respiratory rate. - correct answer
✔✔Increased altitude lowers amount of saturated hemoglobin, which increases
respiratory rate and depth.
Abnormal blood cell function (e.g., sickle cell disease) reduces ability of
hemoglobin to carry oxygen, which increases respiratory rate and depth. - correct
answer ✔✔.
Capnography., - is the measurement of exhaled carbon dioxide throughout
exhalation. - correct answer ✔✔.
A respiratory rate above 27 breaths per minute is an important risk factor for
cardiac arrest - correct answer ✔✔.
Bradypnea., - the Rate of breathing is regular but abnormally slow., - less than 12
breaths per minute - correct answer ✔✔Tachypnea., - the Rate of breathing is
regular but abnormally rapid., - greater than 20 breaths per minute
Hyperpnea., - the Respirations are labored, increased in depth, and increased in
rate., - greater than 20 breaths per minute - correct answer ✔✔Hyperpnea
normally occurs during exercise
Apnea., - the Respirations cease for several seconds. - correct answer
✔✔Persistent cessation results in respiratory arrest.
, Hyperventilation., - the Rate and depth of respirations increase. - correct answer
✔✔Hypocarbia sometimes occurs.
Hypoventilation., - the Respiratory rate is abnormally low, and depth of ventilation
is depressed. - correct answer ✔✔Hypercarbia sometimes occurs.
Cheyne-Stokes respiration., - the Respiratory rate & depth are irregular,
characterized by alternating periods of apnea & hyperventilation. - correct answer
✔✔Respiratory cycle begins with slow, shallow breaths that gradually increase to
abnormal rate & depth. The pattern reverses; breathing slows & becomes shallow,
concluding as apnea before respiration resumes.
Kussmaul's respiration., - the Respirations are abnormally deep, regular, and
increased in rate. - correct answer ✔✔Biot's respiration., - the Respirations are
abnormally shallow for 2 to 3 breaths, followed by irregular period of apnea.
Respiratory assessment includes determining the effectiveness of ventilation,
perfusion, and diffusion. - correct answer ✔✔Assessment of respiration involves
observing ventilatory movements through the respiratory cycle.
Variables affecting ventilation, perfusion, and diffusion influence oxygen
saturation. - correct answer ✔✔.
There are three steps in the process of oxygenation: ventilation, perfusion, and
diffusion. - correct answer ✔✔.
questions well answered to pass
ventilation., - is the movement of gases in and out of the lungs - correct answer
✔✔diffusion., - is the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the
alveoli and the red blood cells
perfusion., - is the distribution of red blood cells to and from the pulmonary
capillaries - correct answer ✔✔.
Assess ventilation by determining respiratory rate, depth, rhythm and end-tidal
carbon dioxide (ETCO2) value. - correct answer ✔✔Assess diffusion and perfusion
by determining oxygen saturation.
The most important factor in the control of ventilation is the level of carbon
dioxide (CO2) in the arterial blood. - correct answer ✔✔An elevation in the carbon
dioxide (CO2) level causes the respiratory control system in the brain to increase
the rate and depth of breathing.
hypoxemia., - is Arterial blood oxygen level less than 60 (mmHg)., - it is a low
oxygen level in the blood. - correct answer ✔✔Hypoxemia helps to control
ventilation in patients with chronic lung disease.
Breathing is generally a passive process. - correct answer ✔✔.
,Inspiration is an active process, stimulated by chemical receptors in the aorta. -
correct answer ✔✔Expiration is a passive process that depends on the elastic
recoil properties of the lungs, requiring little or no muscle work.
eupnea., - is Normal respirations that are quiet, effortless, and rhythmical. -
correct answer ✔✔.
Exercise increases rate and depth to meet the need of the body for additional
oxygen and to rid the body of carbon dioxide (CO2). - correct answer ✔✔Anxiety.,
- Anxiety increases respiration rate and depth as a result of sympathetic
stimulation.
Acute Pain., - Pain alters rate and rhythm of respirations; breathing becomes
shallow. - correct answer ✔✔the Patient inhibits or splints chest wall movement
when pain is in area of chest or abdomen.
Smoking., - Chronic smoking changes pulmonary airways, resulting in increased
rate of respirations at rest when not smoking. - correct answer ✔✔Neurological
Injury., - Injury to brainstem impairs respiratory center and inhibits respiratory
rate and rhythm.
Body Position., - A straight, erect posture promotes full chest expansion. - correct
answer ✔✔A stooped or slumped position impairs ventilatory movement.
Lying flat prevents full chest expansion. - correct answer ✔✔.
Medications., - Opioid analgesics, general anesthetics, and sedative hypnotics
depress rate and depth. - correct answer ✔✔Amphetamines and cocaine
sometimes increase rate and depth.
,Bronchodilators slow rate by causing airway dilation. - correct answer ✔✔.
Hemoglobin Function., - Decreased hemoglobin levels (anemia) reduce oxygen-
carrying capacity of the blood, which increases respiratory rate. - correct answer
✔✔Increased altitude lowers amount of saturated hemoglobin, which increases
respiratory rate and depth.
Abnormal blood cell function (e.g., sickle cell disease) reduces ability of
hemoglobin to carry oxygen, which increases respiratory rate and depth. - correct
answer ✔✔.
Capnography., - is the measurement of exhaled carbon dioxide throughout
exhalation. - correct answer ✔✔.
A respiratory rate above 27 breaths per minute is an important risk factor for
cardiac arrest - correct answer ✔✔.
Bradypnea., - the Rate of breathing is regular but abnormally slow., - less than 12
breaths per minute - correct answer ✔✔Tachypnea., - the Rate of breathing is
regular but abnormally rapid., - greater than 20 breaths per minute
Hyperpnea., - the Respirations are labored, increased in depth, and increased in
rate., - greater than 20 breaths per minute - correct answer ✔✔Hyperpnea
normally occurs during exercise
Apnea., - the Respirations cease for several seconds. - correct answer
✔✔Persistent cessation results in respiratory arrest.
, Hyperventilation., - the Rate and depth of respirations increase. - correct answer
✔✔Hypocarbia sometimes occurs.
Hypoventilation., - the Respiratory rate is abnormally low, and depth of ventilation
is depressed. - correct answer ✔✔Hypercarbia sometimes occurs.
Cheyne-Stokes respiration., - the Respiratory rate & depth are irregular,
characterized by alternating periods of apnea & hyperventilation. - correct answer
✔✔Respiratory cycle begins with slow, shallow breaths that gradually increase to
abnormal rate & depth. The pattern reverses; breathing slows & becomes shallow,
concluding as apnea before respiration resumes.
Kussmaul's respiration., - the Respirations are abnormally deep, regular, and
increased in rate. - correct answer ✔✔Biot's respiration., - the Respirations are
abnormally shallow for 2 to 3 breaths, followed by irregular period of apnea.
Respiratory assessment includes determining the effectiveness of ventilation,
perfusion, and diffusion. - correct answer ✔✔Assessment of respiration involves
observing ventilatory movements through the respiratory cycle.
Variables affecting ventilation, perfusion, and diffusion influence oxygen
saturation. - correct answer ✔✔.
There are three steps in the process of oxygenation: ventilation, perfusion, and
diffusion. - correct answer ✔✔.
