Nutrition ATI
Absorption - ANS-occurs as components of nutrients pass through the digestive system into
the blood stream and lymphatic system
Acute stress on metabolism - ANS-causes an increase in metabolism, blood glucose levels,
and protein catabolism
major concern: protein deficiency because it increases the risk of complications from severe
trauma or critical illness
protein requirements can be increased to more than 2 g/kg of body weight or up to 25% total
calories
Alcohol Restrictions - ANS-islam
hindu
seventh- day adventism
mormon
Anabolism - ANS-the use of energy to build or repair substances
anthropometric tools - ANS-weight, height, BMI
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) - ANS-aka basal energy expenditure (BEE)
the amount of energy used in 24 hrs for involuntary activities of the body (maintaining body
temp, heartbeat, circulation, and respiration)
this rate is determined while at rest and following a 12 hr fast
affected by lean body mass, hormones, body surface area, age, and sex
thyroid function tests can indirectly measure BMR
Body mass index (BMI) - ANS-compares the weight to height to estimate the effect of the
individual's body weight
healthy weight: 18.5-24.9
underweight: less than 18.5
overweight: 25 to 29.9 (20% above desirable levels)
obesity: greater than or equal to 30
BMI = weight (kg) / height (m^2)
Calcium (Ca) - ANS-Major actions: bones/teeth formation, blood pressure, blood clotting,
nerve transmission
Sources: dairy, broccoli, kale, fortified grains
Deficiency: tetany, positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs, ECG changes, osteoporosis
in adults, poor growth in children
, Excess: constipation, renal stones, lethargy, depressed deep-tendon reflexes
Nursing actions: monitor ECG and respiratory status, give PO tabs with vitamin D
Catabolism - ANS-breaking down of substances with the resultant release of energy
Chloride (Cl) - ANS-Major actions: assists with intracellular and extracellular fluid balance,
and aids acid-base balance and digestion
Sources: table salt, added salts, processed foods
Deficiency: rare; muscle cramps, anorexia
Excess: vomiting
Nursing actions: monitor sodium levels
clinical findings of malnutrition - ANS-pitting edema, hair loss, and wasted appearance
coffee and tea restrictions - ANS-Seventh-day adventism
mormonism
common bacterial foodborne illnesses - ANS-salmonella, Escherichia coli 0157:H7, and
Listeria monocytogenes
common viral foodborne illnesses - ANS-norovirus
core foods - ANS-the important and consistently eaten foods that form the foundation of the
diet; they are the dietary staples
cultures that have hot and cold balance beliefs of food - ANS-Chinese, Middle Eastern, Latin
American, Indian, Filipino
Dairy Recommended Servings - ANS-2 to 3: 2 cups
4 to 8: 2.5 cups
9 and older: 3 cups
1/4 cup evaporated milk/ 1/2 cup shredded cheese/ 1.5 oz hard cheese/ 1/2 cup ricotta
cheese/ 2 cups cottage cheese/1.5 cups ice cream = 1 cup serving
decreased absorption - ANS-Food can decrease the rate and extent of absorption.
Reducing the rate of absorption delays the onset of peak effects.
Reducing the extent of absorption reduces the intended effect of the medication.
Diet history - ANS-assessment of usual foods, fluids, and supplements. includes:
time, type, and amount of food eaten for all meals plus snacks
time, type, and amount of fluids consumed throughout the day
type, amount, and frequency of "special foods" (celebration foods, movie foods)
typical preparation of foods and fluids (coffee with sugar, fried foods)
Absorption - ANS-occurs as components of nutrients pass through the digestive system into
the blood stream and lymphatic system
Acute stress on metabolism - ANS-causes an increase in metabolism, blood glucose levels,
and protein catabolism
major concern: protein deficiency because it increases the risk of complications from severe
trauma or critical illness
protein requirements can be increased to more than 2 g/kg of body weight or up to 25% total
calories
Alcohol Restrictions - ANS-islam
hindu
seventh- day adventism
mormon
Anabolism - ANS-the use of energy to build or repair substances
anthropometric tools - ANS-weight, height, BMI
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) - ANS-aka basal energy expenditure (BEE)
the amount of energy used in 24 hrs for involuntary activities of the body (maintaining body
temp, heartbeat, circulation, and respiration)
this rate is determined while at rest and following a 12 hr fast
affected by lean body mass, hormones, body surface area, age, and sex
thyroid function tests can indirectly measure BMR
Body mass index (BMI) - ANS-compares the weight to height to estimate the effect of the
individual's body weight
healthy weight: 18.5-24.9
underweight: less than 18.5
overweight: 25 to 29.9 (20% above desirable levels)
obesity: greater than or equal to 30
BMI = weight (kg) / height (m^2)
Calcium (Ca) - ANS-Major actions: bones/teeth formation, blood pressure, blood clotting,
nerve transmission
Sources: dairy, broccoli, kale, fortified grains
Deficiency: tetany, positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs, ECG changes, osteoporosis
in adults, poor growth in children
, Excess: constipation, renal stones, lethargy, depressed deep-tendon reflexes
Nursing actions: monitor ECG and respiratory status, give PO tabs with vitamin D
Catabolism - ANS-breaking down of substances with the resultant release of energy
Chloride (Cl) - ANS-Major actions: assists with intracellular and extracellular fluid balance,
and aids acid-base balance and digestion
Sources: table salt, added salts, processed foods
Deficiency: rare; muscle cramps, anorexia
Excess: vomiting
Nursing actions: monitor sodium levels
clinical findings of malnutrition - ANS-pitting edema, hair loss, and wasted appearance
coffee and tea restrictions - ANS-Seventh-day adventism
mormonism
common bacterial foodborne illnesses - ANS-salmonella, Escherichia coli 0157:H7, and
Listeria monocytogenes
common viral foodborne illnesses - ANS-norovirus
core foods - ANS-the important and consistently eaten foods that form the foundation of the
diet; they are the dietary staples
cultures that have hot and cold balance beliefs of food - ANS-Chinese, Middle Eastern, Latin
American, Indian, Filipino
Dairy Recommended Servings - ANS-2 to 3: 2 cups
4 to 8: 2.5 cups
9 and older: 3 cups
1/4 cup evaporated milk/ 1/2 cup shredded cheese/ 1.5 oz hard cheese/ 1/2 cup ricotta
cheese/ 2 cups cottage cheese/1.5 cups ice cream = 1 cup serving
decreased absorption - ANS-Food can decrease the rate and extent of absorption.
Reducing the rate of absorption delays the onset of peak effects.
Reducing the extent of absorption reduces the intended effect of the medication.
Diet history - ANS-assessment of usual foods, fluids, and supplements. includes:
time, type, and amount of food eaten for all meals plus snacks
time, type, and amount of fluids consumed throughout the day
type, amount, and frequency of "special foods" (celebration foods, movie foods)
typical preparation of foods and fluids (coffee with sugar, fried foods)
