Fundamentals of Nursing - ATI Nutrition
Exam
Calcium (Ca) - ANS-Normal - 9.0 to 10.5 mg/dL
Major Actions- bones/teeth formation, BP, blood clotting, nerve transmission
Major Sources- dairy, broccoli, kale, grains, egg yolks
Findings of Deficiency-tetany, positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs, ECG changes,
osteoporosis in adults, poor growth in children
Nursing Considerations-Monitor ECG and respiratory status. Give PO tabs with vitamin D
Cholesterol intake - ANS-200-300 mg/day
Cobalamin (B12) - ANS-Major actions - folate activation, red blood cell maturation
Major sources - meats, clams, oysters, eggs, dairy products
Deficiency - pernicious anemia, GI findings, poor muscle coordination, paresthesia of the
hands and feet
Complete proteins - ANS-from animal sources and soy, contain sufficient amounts of all nine
essential amino acids
Ex. milk, yogurt, cheese, meat, poultry, fish, seafood, and eggs
Constipation - ANS-the inability or difficult to evacuate the bowels
- constipation is not a common problem for breastfed infants
- constipation can be caused by formula that is too concentrated or inadequate carbohydrate
intake
-stress the importance of accurate dilution of formula
-advise adherence to the recommend amount of formula intake for age
Dumping Syndrome - ANS-normally, the stomach controls the rate in which nutrients enter
the small intestine. When a portion of the stomach is surgically removed, the contents of the
stomach are rapidly emptied into the small intestine causing dumping syndrome
- early manifestations typically occur 15 to 30 minutes after eating. Early manifestations
include a sensation of fullness, abdominal cramping, nausea, diarrhea, and vasomotor
manifestations (faintness, syncope, diaphoresis, tachycardia, hypotension, flushing)
-late manifestations occur 1 to 3 hrs after eating. Late manifestations include diaphoresis,
weakness, tremors, anxiety, nausea, and hunger.
- Manifestations resolve after intestine is emptied. However, there is a rapid rise in blood
glucose and increase in insulin levels immediately after the intestine empties. this leads to
hypoglycemia
nursing interventions
- recommend small, frequent meals,
- recommend consuming fat and protein at each meal
- tell the client to avoid food that contains concentrated sugars and to restrict lactose intake
- dry diet: suggest client consumes liquids 1 hr before or after meals instead of during
- instruct client to lie down for 20 to 30 mins after meals to delay gastric emptying. if reflux is
a problem, suggest a reclining position
- monitor clients receiving enteral tube feedings and report manifestations of dumping
syndrome to provider
Exam
Calcium (Ca) - ANS-Normal - 9.0 to 10.5 mg/dL
Major Actions- bones/teeth formation, BP, blood clotting, nerve transmission
Major Sources- dairy, broccoli, kale, grains, egg yolks
Findings of Deficiency-tetany, positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs, ECG changes,
osteoporosis in adults, poor growth in children
Nursing Considerations-Monitor ECG and respiratory status. Give PO tabs with vitamin D
Cholesterol intake - ANS-200-300 mg/day
Cobalamin (B12) - ANS-Major actions - folate activation, red blood cell maturation
Major sources - meats, clams, oysters, eggs, dairy products
Deficiency - pernicious anemia, GI findings, poor muscle coordination, paresthesia of the
hands and feet
Complete proteins - ANS-from animal sources and soy, contain sufficient amounts of all nine
essential amino acids
Ex. milk, yogurt, cheese, meat, poultry, fish, seafood, and eggs
Constipation - ANS-the inability or difficult to evacuate the bowels
- constipation is not a common problem for breastfed infants
- constipation can be caused by formula that is too concentrated or inadequate carbohydrate
intake
-stress the importance of accurate dilution of formula
-advise adherence to the recommend amount of formula intake for age
Dumping Syndrome - ANS-normally, the stomach controls the rate in which nutrients enter
the small intestine. When a portion of the stomach is surgically removed, the contents of the
stomach are rapidly emptied into the small intestine causing dumping syndrome
- early manifestations typically occur 15 to 30 minutes after eating. Early manifestations
include a sensation of fullness, abdominal cramping, nausea, diarrhea, and vasomotor
manifestations (faintness, syncope, diaphoresis, tachycardia, hypotension, flushing)
-late manifestations occur 1 to 3 hrs after eating. Late manifestations include diaphoresis,
weakness, tremors, anxiety, nausea, and hunger.
- Manifestations resolve after intestine is emptied. However, there is a rapid rise in blood
glucose and increase in insulin levels immediately after the intestine empties. this leads to
hypoglycemia
nursing interventions
- recommend small, frequent meals,
- recommend consuming fat and protein at each meal
- tell the client to avoid food that contains concentrated sugars and to restrict lactose intake
- dry diet: suggest client consumes liquids 1 hr before or after meals instead of during
- instruct client to lie down for 20 to 30 mins after meals to delay gastric emptying. if reflux is
a problem, suggest a reclining position
- monitor clients receiving enteral tube feedings and report manifestations of dumping
syndrome to provider
