ATI Nutrition Proctor Study Guide
Review
1st day after birth, how long should the mother feed per breast? - ANS-5 minute feedings on
each breast on the first day after birth
Albumin - ANS-3.5-5.0
Anorexia in cancer/immunosuppressed patients - ANS-Eat small amounts of high protein
foods loaded with calories and nutrients; try to consume food in the morning when appetite is
best; avoid food odors; don't fill up on low calorie foods; eat cool/room temperature foods
Anorexia nervosa - ANS-Assign privileges based on direct weight gain. RN to stay w/ pt 1 hr
after meals
Appropriate fat calories per day - ANS-Approx. 20% to 35% of total calories should come
from fat
Less than 10% should come from saturated fat sources.
BMI - ANS-Low fat diet, increase water intake, and exercise.
BMI under 24.5 is best, Healthy- 18.5 to 24.9 Overweight- 25 to 29.9 Obesity- greater than
30
BMI is calculated based on Weight in Kg/Ht (M2)
Pt with BMI of 28, refer them to weight loss group/program.
BUN - ANS-6-20
Calcium - ANS-9.0-10.5
Cancer prevention - ANS-Consume adequate dietary fiber (14 g per 1,00 kcal daily);
eliminate tobacco; eat at least 5 servings of fruits and veggies daily including foods high in
vitamin A (apricots, carrots, leafy green veggies), foods high in vitamin c, and cruciferous
vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage); consume whole grains rather than processed or
refined grains and sugars; avoid meat prepared by smoking, pickling, charcoal grilling, and
use of nitrate containing chemicals; consume polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats
(found in fish and olive oil) which can lower risk of cancer; limit alcohol consumption
Cardiac diet - ANS-Indicated for atherosclerosis, DM, hyperlipidemia, hypertension,
myocardial infarction, nephrotic syndrome, and renal failure. DASH diet recommended to
prevent and control hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity. Includes fruits,
veggies, whole grains, low fat dairy food, meat, fish, poultry, nuts, and beans, and is limited
in sugar sweetened foods and beverages, red meat, and added fats. Low sodium, high
potassium, high calcium diet to lower BP and cholesterol. Decrease sodium 1,500-2,300.
Catholics - ANS-don't consume meat Ash Wednesday and Fridays during Lent.
Central obesity - ANS-Where excess body fat is stored also influences the risk of
comorbidities. as part of metabolic syndrome, increases the risk of coronary heart disease
and type 2 diabetes. Central obesity also increases the risk of stroke, sleep apnea,
hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, inflammation, and some types of cancer.
Chewing difficulty - ANS-Mincing or chopping food is helpful. Eat softer foods. Replace raw
veggies and fresh fruits w/ cooked veggies or juices. Choose foods like applesauce and
canned peaches or other fruits. Try ground or shredded meat, eggs, or dairy products like fat
, free or low fat milk, cheese, or yogurt. You can also replace meat w/ soft foods like cooked
beans, peas, eggs, tofu, or tuna.
Cholesterol - ANS-<200
Chronic kidney disease - ANS-Restrict phosphorus, restrict protein, restrict sodium, restrict
potassium. Recommended daily protein intake is 0.8-1.1 g/kg/day of ideal body weight. High
biological value proteins are recommended for pts w/ CKD to prevent catabolism of muscle
tissue, and includes eggs, meats, poultry, game, fish, soy, and dairy products. Limit meat
intake to 5-6 oz/day for most men and 4oz/day for most women. Limit dairy products to ½
cup per day. Avoid high protein sports drinks, energy drinks, or meal supplements. Avoid
herbal supplements that can affect bleeding time and blood pressure.
Cirrhosis - ANS-decrease sodium intake to 1-2 grams per day, avoid foods high in fat,
increase protein from animal or plant sources.
Complete proteins - ANS-eggs, meat, poultry, seafood, milk, yogurt, cheese, soybean
products,
Constipation - ANS-instruct the client that consuming the skin on fruits and vegetables adds
fiber to the diet.-The nurse should instruct the client to add a small amount of bran to her
daily diet, working up to 3 tablespoons daily, which is less than ¼ cup. Adding fiber gradually
should prevent abdominal distention and excessive flatus.
Continuous enteral feedings - ANS-prevent aspiration by monitoring gastric residuals every 4
hrs
COPD - ANS-consume foods soft in texture and easy to chew
Creatinine - ANS-0.6-1.3
Deficiency of Niacin (B3) - ANS-results in pellagra S/S: sun-sensitive skin lesions and GI and
neurological findings.
Deficiency of Riboflavin (B2) - ANS-results in cheilosis (S/S: scales and cracks on lips and in
corners of mouth), swollen/smooth red tongue (glossitis), and dermatitis of ears, nose, and
mouth)
Diabetes - ANS-three to five carbohydrate choices, or 45 g, are allowed per meal, plus one
to two carbohydrate choices for each snack. Somogyi phenomenon is fasting hyperglycemia
that occurs in the morning in response to hypoglycemia during the nighttime. The nurse
should assess for this phenomenon by monitoring blood glucose levels during the night
Diarrhea - ANS-High fiber diet is often prescribed, unless fiber is causing the diarrhea.
Nutrition therapy varies w/ the severity and duration of diarrhea. A liberal fluid intake to
replace losses is needed. Dudeck: Avoid clear liquids. Low fiber diet that's also low in fat and
lactose may help decrease bowel stimulation. Foods high in potassium are encouraged.
Banana flakes, apple powder, or other sources of pectin may be added to foods to help
thicken the consistency of stools. Probiotics may help lessen diarrhea.
Diet for pts w/ kidney disorders - ANS-a phosphate restricted diet, phosphate binders,
vitamin D, and supplement calcium are used to treat and prevent secondary
hyperparathyroidism, renal bone disease, and soft tissue calcification
Dietary needs for wt loss - ANS-3500 calories = 1 pound
Monitor hunger on a 1-10 scale to avoid emotional eating
Never forbid foods
Loss is constant, do not weigh daily
Eat free of distractions
Do not taste foods while cooking to avoid overeating.
Control your portion sizes rather than restricting certain foods to prevent cravings.
Review
1st day after birth, how long should the mother feed per breast? - ANS-5 minute feedings on
each breast on the first day after birth
Albumin - ANS-3.5-5.0
Anorexia in cancer/immunosuppressed patients - ANS-Eat small amounts of high protein
foods loaded with calories and nutrients; try to consume food in the morning when appetite is
best; avoid food odors; don't fill up on low calorie foods; eat cool/room temperature foods
Anorexia nervosa - ANS-Assign privileges based on direct weight gain. RN to stay w/ pt 1 hr
after meals
Appropriate fat calories per day - ANS-Approx. 20% to 35% of total calories should come
from fat
Less than 10% should come from saturated fat sources.
BMI - ANS-Low fat diet, increase water intake, and exercise.
BMI under 24.5 is best, Healthy- 18.5 to 24.9 Overweight- 25 to 29.9 Obesity- greater than
30
BMI is calculated based on Weight in Kg/Ht (M2)
Pt with BMI of 28, refer them to weight loss group/program.
BUN - ANS-6-20
Calcium - ANS-9.0-10.5
Cancer prevention - ANS-Consume adequate dietary fiber (14 g per 1,00 kcal daily);
eliminate tobacco; eat at least 5 servings of fruits and veggies daily including foods high in
vitamin A (apricots, carrots, leafy green veggies), foods high in vitamin c, and cruciferous
vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage); consume whole grains rather than processed or
refined grains and sugars; avoid meat prepared by smoking, pickling, charcoal grilling, and
use of nitrate containing chemicals; consume polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats
(found in fish and olive oil) which can lower risk of cancer; limit alcohol consumption
Cardiac diet - ANS-Indicated for atherosclerosis, DM, hyperlipidemia, hypertension,
myocardial infarction, nephrotic syndrome, and renal failure. DASH diet recommended to
prevent and control hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity. Includes fruits,
veggies, whole grains, low fat dairy food, meat, fish, poultry, nuts, and beans, and is limited
in sugar sweetened foods and beverages, red meat, and added fats. Low sodium, high
potassium, high calcium diet to lower BP and cholesterol. Decrease sodium 1,500-2,300.
Catholics - ANS-don't consume meat Ash Wednesday and Fridays during Lent.
Central obesity - ANS-Where excess body fat is stored also influences the risk of
comorbidities. as part of metabolic syndrome, increases the risk of coronary heart disease
and type 2 diabetes. Central obesity also increases the risk of stroke, sleep apnea,
hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, inflammation, and some types of cancer.
Chewing difficulty - ANS-Mincing or chopping food is helpful. Eat softer foods. Replace raw
veggies and fresh fruits w/ cooked veggies or juices. Choose foods like applesauce and
canned peaches or other fruits. Try ground or shredded meat, eggs, or dairy products like fat
, free or low fat milk, cheese, or yogurt. You can also replace meat w/ soft foods like cooked
beans, peas, eggs, tofu, or tuna.
Cholesterol - ANS-<200
Chronic kidney disease - ANS-Restrict phosphorus, restrict protein, restrict sodium, restrict
potassium. Recommended daily protein intake is 0.8-1.1 g/kg/day of ideal body weight. High
biological value proteins are recommended for pts w/ CKD to prevent catabolism of muscle
tissue, and includes eggs, meats, poultry, game, fish, soy, and dairy products. Limit meat
intake to 5-6 oz/day for most men and 4oz/day for most women. Limit dairy products to ½
cup per day. Avoid high protein sports drinks, energy drinks, or meal supplements. Avoid
herbal supplements that can affect bleeding time and blood pressure.
Cirrhosis - ANS-decrease sodium intake to 1-2 grams per day, avoid foods high in fat,
increase protein from animal or plant sources.
Complete proteins - ANS-eggs, meat, poultry, seafood, milk, yogurt, cheese, soybean
products,
Constipation - ANS-instruct the client that consuming the skin on fruits and vegetables adds
fiber to the diet.-The nurse should instruct the client to add a small amount of bran to her
daily diet, working up to 3 tablespoons daily, which is less than ¼ cup. Adding fiber gradually
should prevent abdominal distention and excessive flatus.
Continuous enteral feedings - ANS-prevent aspiration by monitoring gastric residuals every 4
hrs
COPD - ANS-consume foods soft in texture and easy to chew
Creatinine - ANS-0.6-1.3
Deficiency of Niacin (B3) - ANS-results in pellagra S/S: sun-sensitive skin lesions and GI and
neurological findings.
Deficiency of Riboflavin (B2) - ANS-results in cheilosis (S/S: scales and cracks on lips and in
corners of mouth), swollen/smooth red tongue (glossitis), and dermatitis of ears, nose, and
mouth)
Diabetes - ANS-three to five carbohydrate choices, or 45 g, are allowed per meal, plus one
to two carbohydrate choices for each snack. Somogyi phenomenon is fasting hyperglycemia
that occurs in the morning in response to hypoglycemia during the nighttime. The nurse
should assess for this phenomenon by monitoring blood glucose levels during the night
Diarrhea - ANS-High fiber diet is often prescribed, unless fiber is causing the diarrhea.
Nutrition therapy varies w/ the severity and duration of diarrhea. A liberal fluid intake to
replace losses is needed. Dudeck: Avoid clear liquids. Low fiber diet that's also low in fat and
lactose may help decrease bowel stimulation. Foods high in potassium are encouraged.
Banana flakes, apple powder, or other sources of pectin may be added to foods to help
thicken the consistency of stools. Probiotics may help lessen diarrhea.
Diet for pts w/ kidney disorders - ANS-a phosphate restricted diet, phosphate binders,
vitamin D, and supplement calcium are used to treat and prevent secondary
hyperparathyroidism, renal bone disease, and soft tissue calcification
Dietary needs for wt loss - ANS-3500 calories = 1 pound
Monitor hunger on a 1-10 scale to avoid emotional eating
Never forbid foods
Loss is constant, do not weigh daily
Eat free of distractions
Do not taste foods while cooking to avoid overeating.
Control your portion sizes rather than restricting certain foods to prevent cravings.
