CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY BIOS 251 ACTUAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE / QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026 GRADED A+ BEST FOR REVISION !!!

CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY BIOS 251 ACTUAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE / QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026 GRADED A+ BEST FOR REVISION !!! 2 / 10 1. Define Bone Remodeling: The process of mature bone adding and removing from the thickness of bone 2. What are the four stages of bone repair?: 1. Hematoma formation 2. Soft callus formation 3. Hard callus formation 4. Bone remodeling 3. What are the known functions of the skeletal system?: Provides support Protects the internal organs Assists with bodymovement Calcium homeostasis Participates in blood cell production Stores triglycerides 4. What type of bone is the pelvic bones?: Irregular 5. What type of bone is the ribs?: Flat 6. What type of bone is the metacarpal bones?: Long 7. What type of bone is the humerus?: Long 8. What type of bone is the carpal bones?: Short 9. What type of bone is the clavicle?: Long 10. What type of bone is the sternum?: Flat 11. What type of bone is the vertebrae?: Irregular 12. What type of bone is the fibula?: Long 13. The outer covering of bone that helps regulate bone thickness is known as the .: Periosteum 14. The two ends of a long bone are known as the .: Epiphysis 15. What occurs during endochondral ossification?: Calcification Cartilage is replaced by bone 16. Whatis NOTa true statement regarding the epiphyseal plate closure?: Os- teoblasts are replaced by chondrocytes. 17. Functions of the skin: Protection Excretion Detects touch Maintainsthe body temperature Synthesizes vitamin D Stores lipids 18. The shaft of the long bone is known as .: Diaphysis 19. What can cause bones to become weak, fragile, and porous?: Prolonged period of inactivity 20. Define the movement of the synarthrotic joint: Immovable joint 3 / 10 21. Define the movement of the amphiarthrotic joint: Slightly movable joint 22. Define the movement of the diarthrotic joint: Freely movable joint 23. What is thin skin?: Covers MOST of the body Has FOUR layers of keratinocytes in the epidermis 24. What is thick skin?:Truly HAIRLESS skin Covers the palms and soles of the feet Has FIVE layers of keratinocytes in the epidermis 25. What are the five layers of keratinocytes from deepest to surface layer?: - Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum 26. Hair growth cycle phases: Anagen (active growth phase) Catagen (transition phase) Telogen (resting phase) 27. Three layers of hair: Medulla (innermost layer) Cortex (middle layer: provides strength, color, and texture) Cuticle (thin outer layer: protects the cortex) 28. Name the 3 layers that make up the skin in their proper order.: Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis 29. What is NOT an accessory structure of the skin?: Arrector pili muscle 30. Describe the epidermis: Thin outer layer.Thicker at palms and soles.Contains keratin to make skin tough 31. Describe the dermis: Thick inner layer.Contains collagen to strengthen the skin. Origin of exocrine glands. 32. Describe the hypodermis: Layer of loose connective tissue below the dermis; also called the subcutaneous layer of superficial fascia; important in stabilizing the position of the skin in relation to underlying tissues; dominated by adipose tissue. 33. Define osteogenesis: Bone formation 34. What is aTRUE statement regarding bone REMODELING?: Mature bone adds and removes from the thickness of bone 35. Which layer of strata is NOT found inTHIN skin?: Stratum lucidum 36. Describe keratinocytes: Most abundant cells of the epidermis Produces a fibrous protein