PHCY 529 - Diabetes Fully solved Solution Rated A+

PHCY 529 - Diabetes
Diagnostic Threshold Values for DM:

A1c

Fasting plasma glucose

2-hour glucose during OGTT

Random glucose with hyperglycemia sx

A1c: >= 6.5%

FBG: >= 126 mg/dL

2 hr OGTT: >=200 mg/dL

Random: >= 200 mg/dL




Based on ADA recommendations, DM patients should have a goal A1c of < ____&, FBG _____-_____
mg/dL, and PPBG <______ mg/dL

A1c: <7%

FBG: 80-130

PPBG: <180




What patients may have a more strict A1c goal than a typical DM patient?

Pregnant women.

May have goal even lower than 7%




What patients may have a more lenient A1c goal than a typical DM patient?

Older adults with coexisting chronic illesses

2+ instrumental ADL impairments

Mild-moderate cognitive impairment

,Which medications used to treat T2DM have high or high-very high efficacy?

Metformin

GLP-1 RA

GIP/GLP-1 RA

TZDs

Sulfonylureas

Insulin




Which medications used to treat T2DM have intermediate or intermediate-high efficacy?

DPP-4 inhibitors

SGLT2 inhibitors




Which medications to treat T2DM are associated with a risk for hypoglycemia?

sulfonylureas

insulin




Which medications to treat T2DM are known to cause weight loss?

SGLT2 inhibitors

GLP-1 RA

GIP/GLP-1 RA




Which medications to treat T2DM have a neutral effect on weight loss?

Metformin (potential for moderate weight loss)

DPP-4 inhibitors

, Which medications to treat T2DM are known to cause weight gain?

Insulin

TZDs

Sulfonylureas




Which T2DM medications have beneficial effects on MACE (CV effect)?

Metformin (potential)

SGLT2 inhibitor

GLP-1 RA (benefit or neutral)

TZDs (potential)




Which T2DM medications have beneficial effects on HF?

SGLT2 inhibitors only

(metformin and GLP-1 RAs are both neutral to HF)




Which T2DM medications have the potential to worsen HF?

TZDs




Metformin is contraindicated in patients with a GFR < _____ mL/min/1.73m^2

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