ENV Unit 5 Exam Practice Study Test.

ENV Unit 5 Exam Practice Study Test. anthropogenic - CORRECT ANSWER caused or produced by human activity Less than half of the actively publishing climate scientists agree that climate-warming trends over the past century are extremely likely due to human activities. - CORRECT ANSWER False CO2 is a potent greenhouse gas and plays a vital role in regulating Earth's surface temperature through radiative forcing and the greenhouse effect. - CORRECT ANSWER True The absorption of infrared radiation by atmospheric gases is called the greenhouse effect. - CORRECT ANSWER True In what year did Arrhenius publish a paper demonstrating that emissions of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels and other combustion processes were large enough to cause global warming. - CORRECT ANSWER 1896 Human civilization is built on the presumption of stable climate. - CORRECT ANSWER True Which of the following best describes climate? - CORRECT ANSWER Average weather conditions across a region over a long period of time A shift from fossil fuels to green sources of energy would: - CORRECT ANSWER reduce both carbon emissions and other environmental impacts The cycling of this element is one of the most important biogeochemical cycles on earth, and includes the processes of photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and combustion. - CORRECT ANSWER Carbon A changing climate has a range of potential ecological, physical and health impacts, including extreme weather events; sea-level rise; altered crop growth; and disrupted water systems. - CORRECT ANSWER True Atmospheric CO2 concentrations are now well over 400ppm, their highest levels in over 800,000 years. - CORRECT ANSWER True Global average temperatures have increased by about 1°C since pre-industrial times. - CORRECT ANSWER True Global annual emissions of CO2 are over 36 billion tons, and this amount continues to increase. - CORRECT ANSWER True The world is not on-track to meet its agreed target of limiting warming to 2°C. Under current policies, expected warming will be in the range 3 to 4°C . - CORRECT ANSWER True The world's poorest citizens contribute most of the world's total CO2 emissions. - CORRECT ANSWER False China is now the world's largest CO2 emitter, accounting for more than one-quarter of annual emissions. - CORRECT ANSWER True The Unites States is currently world's second largest CO2 emitter, accounting for 15% of annual emissions. - CORRECT ANSWER True The United States has contributed most to global CO2 emissions to date, accounting for about 25% of the worlds cumulative emissions. - CORRECT ANSWER True A large amount of CO2 is embedded in traded goods. This means some countries' emissions increase while others decrease when emissions based on consumption rather than production are compared. - CORRECT ANSWER True This phenomena is caused primarily by two factors related to global warming; the added water from melting land ice and the expansion of sea water: - CORRECT ANSWER Sea level rise Greenland and Antarctica are home to most of the world's glacial ice. - CORRECT ANSWER True A glacier is considered "in balance" when the amount of snow that falls and accumulates at its surface is equal to the amount of ice lost through melting, evaporation, and calving. - CORRECT ANSWER True When warm summer air melts the surface of a glacier, the meltwater bores holes down through the ice. It makes its way all the way down to the bottom of the glacier where it runs between the ice and the glacier bed, and eventually shoots out in a plume at the glacier base and into the surrounding ocean. - CORRECT ANSWER True Glacier meltwater is lighter (less dense) than the surrounding ocean water because it doesn't contain salt. So it rises toward the surface, mixing the warm ocean water upward in the process. The warm water then rubs up against the bottom of the glacier, causing even more of the glacier to melt. This can lead to to calving, when ice cracks and breaks off into large ice chunks (icebergs). - CORRECT ANSWER True