OPT 114 - Lacrimal System UPDATED Questions and CORRECT Answers

OPT 114 - Lacrimal System UPDATED
Questions and CORRECT Answers
The tear film (tears) overlays what? - CORRECT ANSWER - the ocular surface
(cornea and conjunctiva)


What are the layers of the tear film according to the older theory? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 3:
- lipid layer
- aqueous layer
- mucin layer


What are the layers of the tear film according to the newer theory? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 2:
- lipid layer (outer)
- mucoaqueous layer


What glands and cells produce the components of the tear film? - CORRECT ANSWER --
meibomian glands
- goblet cells
- lacrimal gland
- accessory lacrimal glands of krause and wolfring


What produces the meibum of the lipid layer? - CORRECT ANSWER - Meibomian glands



What produces the mucin of the mucoaqueous layer? - CORRECT ANSWER - goblet cells



What produces the aqueous portion of the mucoaqueous layer? - CORRECT ANSWER -
the lacrimal gland and accessory lacrimal glands of Krauss and Wolfring

,The upper lid has _____ meibomian glands than the lower lid. - CORRECT ANSWER -
more


Meibomian glands are oriented vertically in a row on the _____ along the eye lid margin. -
CORRECT ANSWER - tarsal plate



Meibomian glands are present in the _____ of the eyelid margin. - CORRECT ANSWER -
ciliary portion


Meibomian gland orifices open onto the skin posterior to the _____ and anterior to the _____. -
CORRECT ANSWER - posterior to the gray line and anterior to the mucocutaneous
junction


Acinar cells (acini) of meibomian glands secrete meibum by which method? - CORRECT
ANSWER - holocrine


Where are the secreted lipids of meibomian glands incorporated in the tear film? - CORRECT
ANSWER - lipid layer of the tear film


Acinar cells (acini) of meibomian glands secrete meibum into _____. - CORRECT
ANSWER - a central duct



Meibum is made up of a mixture of _____. - CORRECT ANSWER - - amphipathic lipids
(phospholipids, fatty acids)
- non-polar lipids (waxes, cholesterol, TAGs)


The _____ of the meibum are in contact with the mucoaqueous layer and provide structural
stability to the tear film. - CORRECT ANSWER - amphipathic lipids (phospholipids, fatty
acids)

, The _____ of the meibum are in contact with air and create a hydrophobic barrier. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Non-polar lipids (waxes, cholesterol, triglycerides)



Meibum production is regulated by _____. - CORRECT ANSWER - hormones (androgen
and estrogen)


How is meibum production regulated by steroid hormones? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Steroid hormones stimulate hormone receptors which leads to an increase in gene transcription
for enzymes associated with fatty acid and cholesterol synthetic pathways


Where is meibum stored? - CORRECT ANSWER - in the central duct of the meibomian
glands


What causes meibum to be secreted? - CORRECT ANSWER - meibum is secreted upon
blinking due to mechanical pressure on the meibomian glands


What is a chalazion? - CORRECT ANSWER - a sterile clogging of meibomian gland(s)
that causes a large bump on the eyelid


firm, painless


How is a chalazion treated? - CORRECT ANSWER - surgical removal or warm compress



How is a hordeolum treated? - CORRECT ANSWER - with antibiotics (eyedrops if
localized, oral if past the orbital septum)


What is a hordeolum? - CORRECT ANSWER - bacterial infection (usually
staphylococcal) involving either the glands of Zeiss or, less frequently, the meibomian glands


redness, tenderness, and swelling