APEA MyQ Bank - Principles of
Pharmacology
A chemical synapse differs from an electrical synapse in that the signal transmission:
A. is rapid
B. requires a neurotransmitter
C. is a passive process
D. can occur in both directions - ANS B. requires a neurotransmitter
\Acetylcholine works at the neuromuscular junction to active:
A. an emotional response
B. smooth muscles
C. the digestive process
D. skeletal muscles - ANS D. skeletal muscles
\Activation of alpha-1 receptors does NOT:
A. cause vasoconstriction
B. cause mydriasis
C. increase closure of the internal bladder sphincter
D. inhibit insulin release - ANS D. inhibit insulin release
Alpha-1 receptors primarily mediate smooth muscle constriction (vasoconstriction,
mydriasis, closure of internal bladder sphincter, secretion from salivary and sweat
glands, sodium reabsorption from kidneys, contraction of urinary bladder)
\After a drug is metabolized by the liver and enters the bile, it is most likely to be: - ANS
fecally excreted
Urinary excretion, on the other hand, is the usual route of elimination for LMW drugs that
are not metabolized and are sufficiently water-soluble to avoid reabsorption from the
renal tubule
\Correct sequence of movement of drug through the body: - ANS absorption, distribution,
metabolism, excretion
\Distribution of a drug is determined by the:
A. amount of drug entering circulation
B. proportion of drug removed from circulation
C. chemical alteration of a drug to a water-soluble state
D. reversible transfer of a drug from one location to another within the body - ANS D. the
reversible transfer of a drug from one location to another within the body.
\Drug clearance formula - ANS rate of drug elimination / plasma concentration of the drug
, \Drugs that accumulate in the tissues:
A. always cause toxicity
B. are prone to higher degrees of side effects
C. keep blood levels of drug from decreasing rapidly
D. must be administered at higher doses - ANS C. keep blood levels of drug from
decreasing rapidly
ex: digoxin accumulates in heart and skeletal muscles, which can act as reservoirs of
extra drug. These tissues slowly release the drug into the bloodstream, keeping blood
levels of the drug from decreasing rapidly and thereby prolonging the effect of the drug.
\Electrical synapse differs from chemical synapse in that signal transmission:
requires energy
causes a modification of the signals
can occur in both directions
occurs at a slower pace - ANS electrical synapses:
-transmit electrical signals rather than use NTs
-signals are not modified during transmission
-transmission is fast
-passive process, does not require energy
-signals sent are not modified
-signal passes via gap junction
-can occur in both directions
\Fick's Law of Diffusion describes drug mobility as the: - ANS passive diffusion of
non-ionized drugs down a concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to
low concentration
\half life: - ANS the time it takes for the plasma concentration of the drug to be reduced to
half of its original value
\If a 100 mg drug is administered and has a half-life of 6 hours, the percentage of the drug
that will be in the system 18 hours later is: - ANS 12.5%
\In preparation for an action potential, synthesis of the NT occurs during the:
A. arrival of an action potential
B. release of the transmitter
C. presynaptic preparation
D. receptor interaction - ANS C. presynaptic preparation
\In the pharmacokinetics of a drug, the rate of metabolism: - ANS varies widely between
patients, influenced by genetic and environment factors-->major reason for differences in
plasma concentration of some drugs after a standard dose, leading to a wide variation in
drug response
\Metabolism: - ANS process by which drugs are chemically changes from a lipid-soluble
form suitable for absorption and distribution to a more water-soluble form that is suitable
for excretion
Pharmacology
A chemical synapse differs from an electrical synapse in that the signal transmission:
A. is rapid
B. requires a neurotransmitter
C. is a passive process
D. can occur in both directions - ANS B. requires a neurotransmitter
\Acetylcholine works at the neuromuscular junction to active:
A. an emotional response
B. smooth muscles
C. the digestive process
D. skeletal muscles - ANS D. skeletal muscles
\Activation of alpha-1 receptors does NOT:
A. cause vasoconstriction
B. cause mydriasis
C. increase closure of the internal bladder sphincter
D. inhibit insulin release - ANS D. inhibit insulin release
Alpha-1 receptors primarily mediate smooth muscle constriction (vasoconstriction,
mydriasis, closure of internal bladder sphincter, secretion from salivary and sweat
glands, sodium reabsorption from kidneys, contraction of urinary bladder)
\After a drug is metabolized by the liver and enters the bile, it is most likely to be: - ANS
fecally excreted
Urinary excretion, on the other hand, is the usual route of elimination for LMW drugs that
are not metabolized and are sufficiently water-soluble to avoid reabsorption from the
renal tubule
\Correct sequence of movement of drug through the body: - ANS absorption, distribution,
metabolism, excretion
\Distribution of a drug is determined by the:
A. amount of drug entering circulation
B. proportion of drug removed from circulation
C. chemical alteration of a drug to a water-soluble state
D. reversible transfer of a drug from one location to another within the body - ANS D. the
reversible transfer of a drug from one location to another within the body.
\Drug clearance formula - ANS rate of drug elimination / plasma concentration of the drug
, \Drugs that accumulate in the tissues:
A. always cause toxicity
B. are prone to higher degrees of side effects
C. keep blood levels of drug from decreasing rapidly
D. must be administered at higher doses - ANS C. keep blood levels of drug from
decreasing rapidly
ex: digoxin accumulates in heart and skeletal muscles, which can act as reservoirs of
extra drug. These tissues slowly release the drug into the bloodstream, keeping blood
levels of the drug from decreasing rapidly and thereby prolonging the effect of the drug.
\Electrical synapse differs from chemical synapse in that signal transmission:
requires energy
causes a modification of the signals
can occur in both directions
occurs at a slower pace - ANS electrical synapses:
-transmit electrical signals rather than use NTs
-signals are not modified during transmission
-transmission is fast
-passive process, does not require energy
-signals sent are not modified
-signal passes via gap junction
-can occur in both directions
\Fick's Law of Diffusion describes drug mobility as the: - ANS passive diffusion of
non-ionized drugs down a concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to
low concentration
\half life: - ANS the time it takes for the plasma concentration of the drug to be reduced to
half of its original value
\If a 100 mg drug is administered and has a half-life of 6 hours, the percentage of the drug
that will be in the system 18 hours later is: - ANS 12.5%
\In preparation for an action potential, synthesis of the NT occurs during the:
A. arrival of an action potential
B. release of the transmitter
C. presynaptic preparation
D. receptor interaction - ANS C. presynaptic preparation
\In the pharmacokinetics of a drug, the rate of metabolism: - ANS varies widely between
patients, influenced by genetic and environment factors-->major reason for differences in
plasma concentration of some drugs after a standard dose, leading to a wide variation in
drug response
\Metabolism: - ANS process by which drugs are chemically changes from a lipid-soluble
form suitable for absorption and distribution to a more water-soluble form that is suitable
for excretion
