HSCI 305 EXAM WITH 100%
GUARANTEE PASS
What vit vmeans vto vbe va vcolonial, vfederal, vconstitutional vmonarchy v- vcorrect
vanswers v-Canada
• vIs va vcolonial vcountry
• vIs va vconstitutional vmonarchy
• vThe vHead vof vState vis va vking vor vqueen
• vElected vParliament vpasses
legislation
• vThe vPrime vMinister vis vthe vhead vof
Government
• vIs va vfederation
• vCentral v"federal" vgovernment
,• vTen vprovincial vgovernments, vand
three vterritories
• vBoth vlevels vof vgovernment vare
constitutionally vequal vin vpower vwith
different vresponsibilities
Primary, vsecondary vand vtertiary vprevention v- vcorrect vanswers v-TERTIARY
vprevention:
interventions vafter
disease vor vinjury voccurs v
SECONDARY vprevention:
Intervention vafter va vdisease
process vhas vbegun vbut vbefore
it vis vsymptomatic v
PRIMARY vprevention: vintervention vbefore
there vis vevidence vof vdisease vor vinjury
How vpolicy vis vdefined v- vcorrect vanswers v-Policy v"a vset vof vinterrelated vdecisions
vtaken vby va vpolitical vactor
or vgroup vof vactors vconcerning vthe vselection vof vgoals vand vthe
means vof vachieving vthem vwithin va vspecified vsituation vwhere
these vdecisions vshould, vin vprinciple, vbe vwithin vthe vpower vof
these vactors vto vachieve." v(Jenkings v1978, vas vquoted vin vDeber)
• vDecision vmakers vtypically vconsider: vpersonal vbeliefs, vvalues, vevidence,
factors vsuch vas velections vand vrecessions, vstakeholder vpressure vand
institutional vconstraints
• vImplicit vassumption vthat vprocess vfor vpolicy vmaking vis vlinear vßnot vthe
case
• vPolicy vcan vinvolve vdeciding vnot vto vchange vanything
Distinction vbetween vpolicy vand vlegislation v- vcorrect vanswers v-• vHealth vlegislation:
v"the vbody vof vrules vthat vregulates vthe vpromotion vand
protection vof vhealth, vhealth vservices, vthe vequitable vdistribution vof
available vresources vand vthe vlegal vposition vof vall vparties vconcerned,
such vas vpatients, vhealth vcare vproviders, vhealth vcare vinstitutions vand
financing vand vmonitoring vbodies" v(Leenan, v1998).
• vMost vpolicies vare vnot vlegislation/laws. vThey vcan vbe veasily vchanged vif
they vare vnot vsupported vas vpolicy vobjectives vin vlegislation v(Legemaate,
2002).
, Primary vvs vsecondary/tertiary vcare v- vcorrect vanswers v-TERTIARY vcare: vMore
specialized vconsultative
care vusually vin-hospital
(e.g vcancer vtreatment,
neurosurgery, vcardiac
surgery)
SECONDARY vcare: vServices
provided vby vmedical vspecialists
(e.g. vcardiologists, vurologists),
and vacute vcare vfor vbrief vbut
serious vconditions v- vinjury,
childbirth)
PRIMARY vcare: vfirst vpoint vof vconsultation,
often vwith va vgeneral vpractitioner vor vfamily
physician. vThis vcould valso vinclude vwalk-in
clinics vand vsome vservices vin vemergency
departments.
What v"gatekeeper" vand v"rostering" vmean vin vthe vcontext vof vprimary vcare v- vcorrect
vanswers v-Gatekeeping: vPrimary vcare vdoctors vneed vto vwrite va vreferral vto vgain
vaccess vto vspecialist
Rostering: vpatients vregister vwith va vspecific vdoctor
Attributes vof vprimary vcare vas vdescribed vby vStarfield v- vcorrect vanswers v-• vAccess
v- vFirst-contact
care vfor veach vhealth
concern
• vContinuity v- vPatientfocused v(rather vthan
disease vfocused) vcare
over vtime
• vCoordination v- vFollow-up
when vservices vare vneeded
elsewhere
• vComprehensive v- vBroad
range vof vservices, vreferral
to vother vservices vwhere
needed
Explanations vfor vwidespread vperceptions vof va vdoctor vshortage v- vcorrect vanswers
v-•harder vto vaccess vdoctors
GUARANTEE PASS
What vit vmeans vto vbe va vcolonial, vfederal, vconstitutional vmonarchy v- vcorrect
vanswers v-Canada
• vIs va vcolonial vcountry
• vIs va vconstitutional vmonarchy
• vThe vHead vof vState vis va vking vor vqueen
• vElected vParliament vpasses
legislation
• vThe vPrime vMinister vis vthe vhead vof
Government
• vIs va vfederation
• vCentral v"federal" vgovernment
,• vTen vprovincial vgovernments, vand
three vterritories
• vBoth vlevels vof vgovernment vare
constitutionally vequal vin vpower vwith
different vresponsibilities
Primary, vsecondary vand vtertiary vprevention v- vcorrect vanswers v-TERTIARY
vprevention:
interventions vafter
disease vor vinjury voccurs v
SECONDARY vprevention:
Intervention vafter va vdisease
process vhas vbegun vbut vbefore
it vis vsymptomatic v
PRIMARY vprevention: vintervention vbefore
there vis vevidence vof vdisease vor vinjury
How vpolicy vis vdefined v- vcorrect vanswers v-Policy v"a vset vof vinterrelated vdecisions
vtaken vby va vpolitical vactor
or vgroup vof vactors vconcerning vthe vselection vof vgoals vand vthe
means vof vachieving vthem vwithin va vspecified vsituation vwhere
these vdecisions vshould, vin vprinciple, vbe vwithin vthe vpower vof
these vactors vto vachieve." v(Jenkings v1978, vas vquoted vin vDeber)
• vDecision vmakers vtypically vconsider: vpersonal vbeliefs, vvalues, vevidence,
factors vsuch vas velections vand vrecessions, vstakeholder vpressure vand
institutional vconstraints
• vImplicit vassumption vthat vprocess vfor vpolicy vmaking vis vlinear vßnot vthe
case
• vPolicy vcan vinvolve vdeciding vnot vto vchange vanything
Distinction vbetween vpolicy vand vlegislation v- vcorrect vanswers v-• vHealth vlegislation:
v"the vbody vof vrules vthat vregulates vthe vpromotion vand
protection vof vhealth, vhealth vservices, vthe vequitable vdistribution vof
available vresources vand vthe vlegal vposition vof vall vparties vconcerned,
such vas vpatients, vhealth vcare vproviders, vhealth vcare vinstitutions vand
financing vand vmonitoring vbodies" v(Leenan, v1998).
• vMost vpolicies vare vnot vlegislation/laws. vThey vcan vbe veasily vchanged vif
they vare vnot vsupported vas vpolicy vobjectives vin vlegislation v(Legemaate,
2002).
, Primary vvs vsecondary/tertiary vcare v- vcorrect vanswers v-TERTIARY vcare: vMore
specialized vconsultative
care vusually vin-hospital
(e.g vcancer vtreatment,
neurosurgery, vcardiac
surgery)
SECONDARY vcare: vServices
provided vby vmedical vspecialists
(e.g. vcardiologists, vurologists),
and vacute vcare vfor vbrief vbut
serious vconditions v- vinjury,
childbirth)
PRIMARY vcare: vfirst vpoint vof vconsultation,
often vwith va vgeneral vpractitioner vor vfamily
physician. vThis vcould valso vinclude vwalk-in
clinics vand vsome vservices vin vemergency
departments.
What v"gatekeeper" vand v"rostering" vmean vin vthe vcontext vof vprimary vcare v- vcorrect
vanswers v-Gatekeeping: vPrimary vcare vdoctors vneed vto vwrite va vreferral vto vgain
vaccess vto vspecialist
Rostering: vpatients vregister vwith va vspecific vdoctor
Attributes vof vprimary vcare vas vdescribed vby vStarfield v- vcorrect vanswers v-• vAccess
v- vFirst-contact
care vfor veach vhealth
concern
• vContinuity v- vPatientfocused v(rather vthan
disease vfocused) vcare
over vtime
• vCoordination v- vFollow-up
when vservices vare vneeded
elsewhere
• vComprehensive v- vBroad
range vof vservices, vreferral
to vother vservices vwhere
needed
Explanations vfor vwidespread vperceptions vof va vdoctor vshortage v- vcorrect vanswers
v-•harder vto vaccess vdoctors
