HNFE 1004 Exam 2 with verified answers
vitamin A - correct answer ✔group of retinoids, maintains health of
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epithelial tissue/skin, gene transcription and vision
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vitamin D - correct answer ✔a hormone, increases blood calcium level by
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increasing gut CA2+ absorption, important for gene transcription
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vitamin E - correct answer ✔alpha-tocopherol, halts lipids peroxidation;
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vitamin K - correct answer ✔carboxylates (adds carboxyl group COOH) the
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amino acid glutamate in certain proteins (including clotting factors allowing
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calcium to bind bone health through the protein osteocalcin
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B vitamins - correct answer ✔part of coenzymes
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thiamin - correct answer ✔part of dehydrogenase enzymes
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riboflavin - correct answer ✔part of FADH2 and FMN, donates electrons as
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complex II in the ETC
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niacin - correct answer ✔part of NADH and NADPH): donates electrons at
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complex I in ETC, needed for the re-synthesis of glutathione (antioxidant)
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, vitamin B6 - correct answer ✔reduced homocysteine levels, coenzyme for
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transamination reactions, synthesis of neurotransmitters - serotonin and
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
GABA, conversion of tryptophan to Niacin, synthesis of WBCs and the
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heme in hemoglobin
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pantothenic acid (B5) - correct answer ✔part as CoA||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
biotin (B7) - correct answer ✔part of carboxylase enzymes
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folate (B9) coenzyme - correct answer ✔reduces homocysteine levels,
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purine and pyrimidine (nucleotides) synthesis
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B12 - correct answer ✔reduces homocysteine levels, part of myelin sheath
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of neurons, contains a cobalt ion in the center
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vitamin C - correct answer ✔allows collagen strands to bind, part of
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carnitine synthesis, as well as serotonin and norepinephrine, needed for
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
regeneration of Vitamin E, along with Niacin ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
choline - correct answer ✔part of acetylcholine (Ach) neurotransmitter,
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part of phosphatidylcholine - major phospholipid, and precursor for betaine
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water soluble vitamins - correct answer ✔B and C
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fat-soluble vitamins - correct answer ✔A, D, E, K
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antioxidants - correct answer ✔vitamin E, C, Zn, riboflavin
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
vitamin A - correct answer ✔group of retinoids, maintains health of
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
epithelial tissue/skin, gene transcription and vision
||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
vitamin D - correct answer ✔a hormone, increases blood calcium level by
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
increasing gut CA2+ absorption, important for gene transcription
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
vitamin E - correct answer ✔alpha-tocopherol, halts lipids peroxidation;
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
vitamin K - correct answer ✔carboxylates (adds carboxyl group COOH) the
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
amino acid glutamate in certain proteins (including clotting factors allowing
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
calcium to bind bone health through the protein osteocalcin
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
B vitamins - correct answer ✔part of coenzymes
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
thiamin - correct answer ✔part of dehydrogenase enzymes
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
riboflavin - correct answer ✔part of FADH2 and FMN, donates electrons as
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
complex II in the ETC
||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
niacin - correct answer ✔part of NADH and NADPH): donates electrons at
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
complex I in ETC, needed for the re-synthesis of glutathione (antioxidant)
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
, vitamin B6 - correct answer ✔reduced homocysteine levels, coenzyme for
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
transamination reactions, synthesis of neurotransmitters - serotonin and
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
GABA, conversion of tryptophan to Niacin, synthesis of WBCs and the
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
heme in hemoglobin
||! ||!
pantothenic acid (B5) - correct answer ✔part as CoA||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
biotin (B7) - correct answer ✔part of carboxylase enzymes
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
folate (B9) coenzyme - correct answer ✔reduces homocysteine levels,
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
purine and pyrimidine (nucleotides) synthesis
||! ||! ||! ||!
B12 - correct answer ✔reduces homocysteine levels, part of myelin sheath
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
of neurons, contains a cobalt ion in the center
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
vitamin C - correct answer ✔allows collagen strands to bind, part of
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
carnitine synthesis, as well as serotonin and norepinephrine, needed for
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
regeneration of Vitamin E, along with Niacin ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
choline - correct answer ✔part of acetylcholine (Ach) neurotransmitter,
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
part of phosphatidylcholine - major phospholipid, and precursor for betaine
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
water soluble vitamins - correct answer ✔B and C
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
fat-soluble vitamins - correct answer ✔A, D, E, K
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
antioxidants - correct answer ✔vitamin E, C, Zn, riboflavin
||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||! ||!
