FINAL EXAM SCI 221 WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
To laccomplish lself-regulation, la lhighly lcomplex land lintegrated lcommunication lcontrol
lsystem lor lnetwork lis lrequired. lThis ltype lof lnetwork lis lcalled la(n) l- lcorrect lanswers l-
feedback lcontrol lloop.
Local lcontrol lor l_____, lintrinsic lmechanisms loften lmake luse lof lchemical lsignals. l-
lcorrect lanswers l-autoregulation
The limpact lof leffector lactivity lon lsensors lmay lbe lpositive lor lnegative. lTherefore,
lhomeostatic lcontrol lmechanisms lare lcategorized las l- lcorrect lanswers l-organs lthat
lare ldirectly linfluenced lby lphysiological lvariables lor lmechanisms.
The lnormal lreading lor lrange lis lcalled lthe l- lcorrect lanswers l-set lpoint.
Events lthat llead lto lan limmune lresponse lto lan linfection lor lthe lformation lof la lblood
lclot lare lexamples lof l- lcorrect lanswers l-positive lfeedback
, The lconcept lthat linformation lmay lflow lahead lto lanother lprocess lto ltrigger la lchange
lin lanticipation lof lan levent lthat lwill lfollow lis lcalled l- lcorrect lanswers l-feed-forward.
Processes lfor lmaintaining lor lrestoring lhomeostasis lare lknown las l- lcorrect lanswers l-
homeostatic lcontrol lmechanisms.
Homeostatic lControl lMechanisms l- lcorrect lanswers l-receptor, lcontrol lcenter, leffector
receptor, lcontrol lcenter, leffector l- lcorrect lanswers l-List lthe lthree lbasic lcomponents
lof la lfeedback lsystem.
What lterm ldescribes la lsignal ltraveling ltoward la lparticular lcenter lor lpoint lof
lreference? l- lcorrect lanswers l-afferent
Effectors lcan lbe ldescribed las l- lcorrect lanswers l-organs lthat ldirectly linfluence
lcontrolled lphysiological lvariables.
Many lcomplex lprocesses lof lthe lbody lare lcoordinated lat lmany llevels. lThese linclude
l- lcorrect lanswers l-intracellular, lintrinsic land lextrinsic
Which llevel lof lcontrol loperates lat lthe lcell llevel, loften lusing lgenes land lenzymes lto
lregulate lcell lfunction? l- lcorrect lanswers l-intracellular lregulation
The lrelatively lconstant lstate lmaintained lby lthe lbody lis lknown las l- lcorrect lanswers l-
homeostasis.
The lbody lnaturally lchanges lsome lset lpoints lto ldifferent lvalues lat ldifferent ltimes lof
lthe lday. lThese ldaily lcyles lare lcalled l- lcorrect lanswers l-circadian lcycles.
Because lnegative lfeedback lcontrol lsystems loppose lchanges lthat lare lopposite lin
ldirection lto lthe linitial ldisturbance, lthey lare l- lcorrect lanswers l-slowed lor lmaintained
lin lthe lhomeostatic lrange.
Of lthe l11 lmajor lbody lsystems, lwhich lis lthe lleast linvolved lin lmaintaining
lhomeostasis? l- lcorrect lanswers l-Reproductive
If lthe lsecretion lof loxytocin lduring lchildbirth loperated las la lnegative-feedback lcontrol
lloop, lwhat leffect lwould lit lhave lon luterine lcontractions? l- lcorrect lanswers l-Oxytocin
lwould linhibit luterine lcontractions.
Which lof lthe lfollowing lis lnot lone lof lthe lbasic lcomponents lin la lfeedback lcontrol
lloop? l- lcorrect lanswers l-Transmitter
Homeostasis lcan lbest lbe ldescribed las: l- lcorrect lanswers l-a lstate lof lrelative
lconstancy
SOLUTIONS
To laccomplish lself-regulation, la lhighly lcomplex land lintegrated lcommunication lcontrol
lsystem lor lnetwork lis lrequired. lThis ltype lof lnetwork lis lcalled la(n) l- lcorrect lanswers l-
feedback lcontrol lloop.
Local lcontrol lor l_____, lintrinsic lmechanisms loften lmake luse lof lchemical lsignals. l-
lcorrect lanswers l-autoregulation
The limpact lof leffector lactivity lon lsensors lmay lbe lpositive lor lnegative. lTherefore,
lhomeostatic lcontrol lmechanisms lare lcategorized las l- lcorrect lanswers l-organs lthat
lare ldirectly linfluenced lby lphysiological lvariables lor lmechanisms.
The lnormal lreading lor lrange lis lcalled lthe l- lcorrect lanswers l-set lpoint.
Events lthat llead lto lan limmune lresponse lto lan linfection lor lthe lformation lof la lblood
lclot lare lexamples lof l- lcorrect lanswers l-positive lfeedback
, The lconcept lthat linformation lmay lflow lahead lto lanother lprocess lto ltrigger la lchange
lin lanticipation lof lan levent lthat lwill lfollow lis lcalled l- lcorrect lanswers l-feed-forward.
Processes lfor lmaintaining lor lrestoring lhomeostasis lare lknown las l- lcorrect lanswers l-
homeostatic lcontrol lmechanisms.
Homeostatic lControl lMechanisms l- lcorrect lanswers l-receptor, lcontrol lcenter, leffector
receptor, lcontrol lcenter, leffector l- lcorrect lanswers l-List lthe lthree lbasic lcomponents
lof la lfeedback lsystem.
What lterm ldescribes la lsignal ltraveling ltoward la lparticular lcenter lor lpoint lof
lreference? l- lcorrect lanswers l-afferent
Effectors lcan lbe ldescribed las l- lcorrect lanswers l-organs lthat ldirectly linfluence
lcontrolled lphysiological lvariables.
Many lcomplex lprocesses lof lthe lbody lare lcoordinated lat lmany llevels. lThese linclude
l- lcorrect lanswers l-intracellular, lintrinsic land lextrinsic
Which llevel lof lcontrol loperates lat lthe lcell llevel, loften lusing lgenes land lenzymes lto
lregulate lcell lfunction? l- lcorrect lanswers l-intracellular lregulation
The lrelatively lconstant lstate lmaintained lby lthe lbody lis lknown las l- lcorrect lanswers l-
homeostasis.
The lbody lnaturally lchanges lsome lset lpoints lto ldifferent lvalues lat ldifferent ltimes lof
lthe lday. lThese ldaily lcyles lare lcalled l- lcorrect lanswers l-circadian lcycles.
Because lnegative lfeedback lcontrol lsystems loppose lchanges lthat lare lopposite lin
ldirection lto lthe linitial ldisturbance, lthey lare l- lcorrect lanswers l-slowed lor lmaintained
lin lthe lhomeostatic lrange.
Of lthe l11 lmajor lbody lsystems, lwhich lis lthe lleast linvolved lin lmaintaining
lhomeostasis? l- lcorrect lanswers l-Reproductive
If lthe lsecretion lof loxytocin lduring lchildbirth loperated las la lnegative-feedback lcontrol
lloop, lwhat leffect lwould lit lhave lon luterine lcontractions? l- lcorrect lanswers l-Oxytocin
lwould linhibit luterine lcontractions.
Which lof lthe lfollowing lis lnot lone lof lthe lbasic lcomponents lin la lfeedback lcontrol
lloop? l- lcorrect lanswers l-Transmitter
Homeostasis lcan lbest lbe ldescribed las: l- lcorrect lanswers l-a lstate lof lrelative
lconstancy
