lOMoARcPSD|26582732
JBL AIRWAY PRACTICE QUESTIONS /
AIRWAYS JBL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES 2025 GUARANTEED
A+ LATEST UPDATE
Which of the following patients would be the BEST candidate for treatment with
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)?
A) Conscious, respiratory distress, fever, and hypotension
B) Unresponsive, labored breathing, cyanosis, and tachycardia
C) Conscious, labored breathing, anxiety, and coarse crackles
D) Semiconscious, shallow breathing, and audible wheezing
C) Conscious, labored breathing, anxiety, and coarse crackles
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy can effectively improve
oxygenation and ventilation in patients with respiratory distress secondary to
pulmonary edema (for example, CHF with coarse crackles heard during
auscultation), or in patients with respiratory distress secondary to
bronchospasm (as evidenced by wheezing). However, in order for the patient
to benefit from CPAP therapy, he or she must be alert enough to follow verbal
commands and should have relatively adequate tidal volume. If the patient is
unable to follow verbal commands and/or his or her baseline breathing is so
poor that respiratory arrest is imminent, you should assist his or her
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ventilations with a bag-mask device. CPAP is a form of noninvasive positive
pressure ventilation; as such, it can have a negative effect on cardiac output. If
the patient is already hypotensive, CPAP could be more detrimental than
beneficial.
Which of the following would cause a decreased level of carbon dioxide in the
arterial blood?
A) Reduced tidal volume
B) Deep, rapid breathing
C) Short exhalation phase
D) Slow, shallow breathing
B) Deep, rapid breathing
Adequate oxygen intake and carbon dioxide elimination require a patent
airway and adequate breathing. The level of carbon dioxide in arterial blood
can rise for a number of reasons. Reduced tidal volume (shallow depth of
breathing) results in insufficient oxygen intake and decreased carbon dioxide
elimination. A patient who is breathing slowly (bradypnea) will also
experience a decrease in oxygen intake and reduced carbon dioxide
elimination. If exhalation is impaired, the body will not eliminate adequate
carbon dioxide; therefore, it will accumulate in arterial blood. Deep, rapid
breathing (hyperventilation), however, would increase carbon dioxide
elimination from the body, thus lowering the carbon dioxide content of
arterial blood.
Assuming a dead space volume of 150 ml, which of the following would yield the
lowest minute alveolar ventilation?
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A) Respiratory rate, 10 breaths/min; tidal volume, 500 ml
B) Respiratory rate, 16 breaths/min; tidal volume, 300 ml
C) Respiratory rate, 12 breaths/min; tidal volume, 400 ml
D) Respiratory rate, 14 breaths/min; tidal volume, 350 ml
B) Respiratory rate, 16 breaths/min; tidal volume, 300 ml
Minute alveolar ventilation is the amount of air that moves in and out of the
alveoli each minute. In calculating minute alveolar ventilation, you must
subtract the dead space volume from the tidal volume first, and then multiply
that number by the respiratory rate. Of the options listed, a tidal volume of
300 ml and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min yields the lowest value (2,400
ml [2.4 L]).
What is the function of pulmonary surfactant?
A) It carries fresh oxygen from the lungs to the left side of the heart.
B) It dilates the bronchioles in the lungs and enhances the flow of air.
C) It lubricates the alveolar walls and allows them to expand and recoil.
D) It facilitates the production of mucus, which is expelled during coughing.
C) It lubricates the alveolar walls and allows them to expand and recoil.
Surfactant is a compound that lines the inside of the alveoli. It reduces surface
tension on the alveolar wall, which allows the alveoli to expand and recoil
easily; this facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs
(pulmonary respiration). Diseases such as emphysema cause destruction of the
alveolar walls and a decrease in pulmonary surfactant, which impairs
pulmonary respiration. Mucus-producing cells, called goblet cells, line the
trachea and larger bronchi. Provided the patient has an effective cough reflex,
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bacteria and other pathogens can be expelled from the body via the mucus
produced by the goblet cells.
Ventilation is defined as the:
A) Elimination of carbon dioxide from the body.
B) Movement of air into and out of the lungs.
C) Volume of air inhaled into the lungs in a single breath.
D) Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level.
B) movement of air into and out of the lungs.
Ventilation is defined as the movement of air into and out of the lungs. During
negative-pressure ventilation (normal breathing), the diaphragm and
intercostal muscles contract, which increases the vertical and horizontal
dimensions of the chest cavity. As a result, a vacuum is created in the chest
and air is drawn into the lungs. Positive pressure ventilation is the act of
forcing air into the lungs (ie, bag-mask ventilation). The volume of air inhaled
or exhaled in a single breath is called tidal volume. The exchange of gases
between the body and its environment is called respiration; therefore, the
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cell level is called cellular
(internal) respiration. During pulmonary (external) respiration, oxygen and
carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs; oxygenated blood returns to the
left side of the heart and carbon dioxide is eliminated from the body during
exhalation.
A 70-year-old woman with severe respiratory distress is found lying supine in her
bed. She is conscious, but confused, and her skin is pale and clammy. Her husband
Downloaded by NELSON KIIRU ()
JBL AIRWAY PRACTICE QUESTIONS /
AIRWAYS JBL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES 2025 GUARANTEED
A+ LATEST UPDATE
Which of the following patients would be the BEST candidate for treatment with
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)?
A) Conscious, respiratory distress, fever, and hypotension
B) Unresponsive, labored breathing, cyanosis, and tachycardia
C) Conscious, labored breathing, anxiety, and coarse crackles
D) Semiconscious, shallow breathing, and audible wheezing
C) Conscious, labored breathing, anxiety, and coarse crackles
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy can effectively improve
oxygenation and ventilation in patients with respiratory distress secondary to
pulmonary edema (for example, CHF with coarse crackles heard during
auscultation), or in patients with respiratory distress secondary to
bronchospasm (as evidenced by wheezing). However, in order for the patient
to benefit from CPAP therapy, he or she must be alert enough to follow verbal
commands and should have relatively adequate tidal volume. If the patient is
unable to follow verbal commands and/or his or her baseline breathing is so
poor that respiratory arrest is imminent, you should assist his or her
Downloaded by NELSON KIIRU ()
, lOMoARcPSD|26582732
ventilations with a bag-mask device. CPAP is a form of noninvasive positive
pressure ventilation; as such, it can have a negative effect on cardiac output. If
the patient is already hypotensive, CPAP could be more detrimental than
beneficial.
Which of the following would cause a decreased level of carbon dioxide in the
arterial blood?
A) Reduced tidal volume
B) Deep, rapid breathing
C) Short exhalation phase
D) Slow, shallow breathing
B) Deep, rapid breathing
Adequate oxygen intake and carbon dioxide elimination require a patent
airway and adequate breathing. The level of carbon dioxide in arterial blood
can rise for a number of reasons. Reduced tidal volume (shallow depth of
breathing) results in insufficient oxygen intake and decreased carbon dioxide
elimination. A patient who is breathing slowly (bradypnea) will also
experience a decrease in oxygen intake and reduced carbon dioxide
elimination. If exhalation is impaired, the body will not eliminate adequate
carbon dioxide; therefore, it will accumulate in arterial blood. Deep, rapid
breathing (hyperventilation), however, would increase carbon dioxide
elimination from the body, thus lowering the carbon dioxide content of
arterial blood.
Assuming a dead space volume of 150 ml, which of the following would yield the
lowest minute alveolar ventilation?
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A) Respiratory rate, 10 breaths/min; tidal volume, 500 ml
B) Respiratory rate, 16 breaths/min; tidal volume, 300 ml
C) Respiratory rate, 12 breaths/min; tidal volume, 400 ml
D) Respiratory rate, 14 breaths/min; tidal volume, 350 ml
B) Respiratory rate, 16 breaths/min; tidal volume, 300 ml
Minute alveolar ventilation is the amount of air that moves in and out of the
alveoli each minute. In calculating minute alveolar ventilation, you must
subtract the dead space volume from the tidal volume first, and then multiply
that number by the respiratory rate. Of the options listed, a tidal volume of
300 ml and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min yields the lowest value (2,400
ml [2.4 L]).
What is the function of pulmonary surfactant?
A) It carries fresh oxygen from the lungs to the left side of the heart.
B) It dilates the bronchioles in the lungs and enhances the flow of air.
C) It lubricates the alveolar walls and allows them to expand and recoil.
D) It facilitates the production of mucus, which is expelled during coughing.
C) It lubricates the alveolar walls and allows them to expand and recoil.
Surfactant is a compound that lines the inside of the alveoli. It reduces surface
tension on the alveolar wall, which allows the alveoli to expand and recoil
easily; this facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs
(pulmonary respiration). Diseases such as emphysema cause destruction of the
alveolar walls and a decrease in pulmonary surfactant, which impairs
pulmonary respiration. Mucus-producing cells, called goblet cells, line the
trachea and larger bronchi. Provided the patient has an effective cough reflex,
Downloaded by NELSON KIIRU ()
, lOMoARcPSD|26582732
bacteria and other pathogens can be expelled from the body via the mucus
produced by the goblet cells.
Ventilation is defined as the:
A) Elimination of carbon dioxide from the body.
B) Movement of air into and out of the lungs.
C) Volume of air inhaled into the lungs in a single breath.
D) Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level.
B) movement of air into and out of the lungs.
Ventilation is defined as the movement of air into and out of the lungs. During
negative-pressure ventilation (normal breathing), the diaphragm and
intercostal muscles contract, which increases the vertical and horizontal
dimensions of the chest cavity. As a result, a vacuum is created in the chest
and air is drawn into the lungs. Positive pressure ventilation is the act of
forcing air into the lungs (ie, bag-mask ventilation). The volume of air inhaled
or exhaled in a single breath is called tidal volume. The exchange of gases
between the body and its environment is called respiration; therefore, the
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cell level is called cellular
(internal) respiration. During pulmonary (external) respiration, oxygen and
carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs; oxygenated blood returns to the
left side of the heart and carbon dioxide is eliminated from the body during
exhalation.
A 70-year-old woman with severe respiratory distress is found lying supine in her
bed. She is conscious, but confused, and her skin is pale and clammy. Her husband
Downloaded by NELSON KIIRU ()
