Motor Control: Midterm questions with
verified answers graded A+
Constraints to movement - correct answer ✔✔individual, task, environment
individual constraints - correct answer ✔✔action, perception, cognition
environmental constraints: regulatory - correct answer ✔✔features of the environment that require the
movement (goal) to make adjustments
environmental constraints: non-regulatory - correct answer ✔✔features of the environment that can
affect performance, but do not require the movement (goal) to make adjustments (i.e. noise,
distractions)
environmental constraints: stationary - correct answer ✔✔regulatory stimuli (objects and people)
remain stationary in time and space during performance (i.e. quiet room)
environmental constraints: motion - correct answer ✔✔regulatory stimuli change/move in time and
space during performance (walking in a crowded hall, seat on moving bus)
environmental constraints: no inter-trial variability - correct answer ✔✔performance environment
remains closed and fixed between trials (hitting a baseball off a tee)
environmental constraints: inter-trial variability - correct answer ✔✔performance environment remains
closed but changes between trials (hitting a baseball thrown by a pitcher)
environmental constraints: body stability - correct answer ✔✔goal is to stay stable during task
environmental constraints: body transport - correct answer ✔✔goal is to move
, environmental constraints: manipulation - correct answer ✔✔action performed with a secondary task
involving UE or LE (NOT COGNITIVE TASK)
Neurofacilitation approaches - correct answer ✔✔Techniques that use sensory input which results in
normal movement; repetition of normal movement will transfer to functional movements
Task-oriented approach - correct answer ✔✔pts learn by actively attempting to solve the movement
problem rather than by repetitively practicing normal patterns of movement
Motor learning vs motor performance - correct answer ✔✔i.e. pt may be able to complete task in the
clinic with you, but can't complete it when they come back the next day. (pt has motor performance but
not learning)
What is short term memory? - correct answer ✔✔working memory
What is long term learning? What sub-categories are involved? - correct answer ✔✔Implicit (non-
declarative) and explicit (declarative)
What sub-categories are involved in implicit memory? - correct answer ✔✔non-associative, associative,
procedural
What is included in non-associative memory? - correct answer ✔✔habituation and sensitization
What is included in associative memory? - correct answer ✔✔Classic and operant conditioning
classic conditioning - correct answer ✔✔first result: weak stimuli = no response, strong stimuli =
response
end result: weak stimuli = response
(Pavlov dog)
operant conditioning - correct answer ✔✔reward vs consequence
verified answers graded A+
Constraints to movement - correct answer ✔✔individual, task, environment
individual constraints - correct answer ✔✔action, perception, cognition
environmental constraints: regulatory - correct answer ✔✔features of the environment that require the
movement (goal) to make adjustments
environmental constraints: non-regulatory - correct answer ✔✔features of the environment that can
affect performance, but do not require the movement (goal) to make adjustments (i.e. noise,
distractions)
environmental constraints: stationary - correct answer ✔✔regulatory stimuli (objects and people)
remain stationary in time and space during performance (i.e. quiet room)
environmental constraints: motion - correct answer ✔✔regulatory stimuli change/move in time and
space during performance (walking in a crowded hall, seat on moving bus)
environmental constraints: no inter-trial variability - correct answer ✔✔performance environment
remains closed and fixed between trials (hitting a baseball off a tee)
environmental constraints: inter-trial variability - correct answer ✔✔performance environment remains
closed but changes between trials (hitting a baseball thrown by a pitcher)
environmental constraints: body stability - correct answer ✔✔goal is to stay stable during task
environmental constraints: body transport - correct answer ✔✔goal is to move
, environmental constraints: manipulation - correct answer ✔✔action performed with a secondary task
involving UE or LE (NOT COGNITIVE TASK)
Neurofacilitation approaches - correct answer ✔✔Techniques that use sensory input which results in
normal movement; repetition of normal movement will transfer to functional movements
Task-oriented approach - correct answer ✔✔pts learn by actively attempting to solve the movement
problem rather than by repetitively practicing normal patterns of movement
Motor learning vs motor performance - correct answer ✔✔i.e. pt may be able to complete task in the
clinic with you, but can't complete it when they come back the next day. (pt has motor performance but
not learning)
What is short term memory? - correct answer ✔✔working memory
What is long term learning? What sub-categories are involved? - correct answer ✔✔Implicit (non-
declarative) and explicit (declarative)
What sub-categories are involved in implicit memory? - correct answer ✔✔non-associative, associative,
procedural
What is included in non-associative memory? - correct answer ✔✔habituation and sensitization
What is included in associative memory? - correct answer ✔✔Classic and operant conditioning
classic conditioning - correct answer ✔✔first result: weak stimuli = no response, strong stimuli =
response
end result: weak stimuli = response
(Pavlov dog)
operant conditioning - correct answer ✔✔reward vs consequence
