First Aid and Sport Safety Final-MSSU
Causes for death in sports - ANS-Top three causes of death reported at NCAA level strength
and conditioning sessions
Sickle cell trait
Exertional heat stroke
Cardiac arrest
Causes of cervical spine injuries. What are the causes and who is at risk? - ANS-Motor vehicle
accidents, falls, violent acts, sport and recreation injuries, diseases, etc.
Falls: spinal cord injury after age 65 is most common
Diseases: people who have cancer, arthritis, osteoporosis and inflammation of the spinal cord
are at higher risk.
Vehicle accidents: motorcyclists are most at risk.
Causes/Signs/treatment of anaphylaxis - ANS-Causes: The most common anaphylaxis triggers
in children are food allergies, such as to peanuts, and tree nuts, fish, shellfish and milk.
anaphylaxis triggers in adults include:
Certain medications, including antibiotics, aspirin and other over-the-counter pain relievers, and
the intravenous (IV) contrast used in some imaging tests
Stings from bees, yellow jackets, wasps, hornets and fire ants; and latex
B. Signs/Symptoms: Skin reactions, including hives and itching and flushed or pale skin
Low blood pressure (hypotension)
Constriction of your airways and a swollen tongue or throat, which can cause wheezing and
trouble breathing
A weak and rapid pulse
Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea
Dizziness or fainting
C. Treatment: During an anaphylactic attack, you might receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(CPR) if you stop breathing or your heart stops beating. You might also be given medications,
including:
Epinephrine (adrenaline) to reduce your body's allergic response
Oxygen, to help you breathe
Intravenous (IV) antihistamines and cortisone to reduce inflammation of your air passages and
improve breathing
A beta-agonist (such as albuterol) to relieve breathing symptoms
Causes/symptoms of lightning injuries. - ANS-causes: direct strike "splash" from nearby objects,
ground strike, or EMP or electromagnetic pulse from close by strikes.
Symptoms: hearing or vision loss, fast/irregular heartbeat or chest pain, headache, confusion,
dizziness, shortness of breath, skin burns, muscle pain, stiffness, temporary paralysis.
Common sport-related brain injuries including concussions. Who is at risk, what you should
know and what are the causes and symptoms. - ANS-Cerebral Concussion: caused by direct
, impacts to the head (body tackle or rear end car collision) by impulse forces transmitted to the
head through impacts.
Diffuse Brain Injury (Diffuse Axonal Injury): can disrupt the brainstem centers responsible for
breathing, heart rate, and wakefulness.
Symptoms: headache, nausea, etc.
Definition and cause of commotion cordis - ANS-Definition: is a sudden arrhythmic heart beat
observed from low-energy chest wall impact that carries a grim prognosis without early
resuscitation and defibrillation.
Cause
"Chest Wall impact from a seemingly meaningless blow"
Impact to the heart when it is recharging
Upstroke of T wave
Faster, higher-energy impacts
Velocity between 40 and 50 mph
Impacts faster than 50 mph will induce contusio cordis
Impacts over left ventricle
Projectiles that are small and dense
Definition and components of negligence. What can protect you from negligence? -
ANS-Definition
is the failure to act in a reasonable manner, such that the action causes harm to another
Components
Tort Law (cont) In order to bring a negligence claim, all four elements of negligence need to be
proved.
That the defendant (person or entity being sued) owed them a duty
That the duty was breached
That the breach of duty caused an injury
That the plaintiff (person suing) is injured
What can protect you from negligence?
Waivers
States that an injured party will not sue in the future for the negligent acts of another party
Tort Law
Have an attorney available.
Be proactively involved in risk management
Proper instruction
Proper supervision
Proper first aid assistance
Proper matching of opponent
Safe facilities
Safe equipment
Safe transportation options
Definition of sickle cell trait. What are the factors in if one develops a sickling episode? How
quickly will an episode occur? When can an episode occur? - ANS-Definition: is a condition
resulting from inheriting one gene for normal hemoglobin (A) and one gene for sickle
Causes for death in sports - ANS-Top three causes of death reported at NCAA level strength
and conditioning sessions
Sickle cell trait
Exertional heat stroke
Cardiac arrest
Causes of cervical spine injuries. What are the causes and who is at risk? - ANS-Motor vehicle
accidents, falls, violent acts, sport and recreation injuries, diseases, etc.
Falls: spinal cord injury after age 65 is most common
Diseases: people who have cancer, arthritis, osteoporosis and inflammation of the spinal cord
are at higher risk.
Vehicle accidents: motorcyclists are most at risk.
Causes/Signs/treatment of anaphylaxis - ANS-Causes: The most common anaphylaxis triggers
in children are food allergies, such as to peanuts, and tree nuts, fish, shellfish and milk.
anaphylaxis triggers in adults include:
Certain medications, including antibiotics, aspirin and other over-the-counter pain relievers, and
the intravenous (IV) contrast used in some imaging tests
Stings from bees, yellow jackets, wasps, hornets and fire ants; and latex
B. Signs/Symptoms: Skin reactions, including hives and itching and flushed or pale skin
Low blood pressure (hypotension)
Constriction of your airways and a swollen tongue or throat, which can cause wheezing and
trouble breathing
A weak and rapid pulse
Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea
Dizziness or fainting
C. Treatment: During an anaphylactic attack, you might receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(CPR) if you stop breathing or your heart stops beating. You might also be given medications,
including:
Epinephrine (adrenaline) to reduce your body's allergic response
Oxygen, to help you breathe
Intravenous (IV) antihistamines and cortisone to reduce inflammation of your air passages and
improve breathing
A beta-agonist (such as albuterol) to relieve breathing symptoms
Causes/symptoms of lightning injuries. - ANS-causes: direct strike "splash" from nearby objects,
ground strike, or EMP or electromagnetic pulse from close by strikes.
Symptoms: hearing or vision loss, fast/irregular heartbeat or chest pain, headache, confusion,
dizziness, shortness of breath, skin burns, muscle pain, stiffness, temporary paralysis.
Common sport-related brain injuries including concussions. Who is at risk, what you should
know and what are the causes and symptoms. - ANS-Cerebral Concussion: caused by direct
, impacts to the head (body tackle or rear end car collision) by impulse forces transmitted to the
head through impacts.
Diffuse Brain Injury (Diffuse Axonal Injury): can disrupt the brainstem centers responsible for
breathing, heart rate, and wakefulness.
Symptoms: headache, nausea, etc.
Definition and cause of commotion cordis - ANS-Definition: is a sudden arrhythmic heart beat
observed from low-energy chest wall impact that carries a grim prognosis without early
resuscitation and defibrillation.
Cause
"Chest Wall impact from a seemingly meaningless blow"
Impact to the heart when it is recharging
Upstroke of T wave
Faster, higher-energy impacts
Velocity between 40 and 50 mph
Impacts faster than 50 mph will induce contusio cordis
Impacts over left ventricle
Projectiles that are small and dense
Definition and components of negligence. What can protect you from negligence? -
ANS-Definition
is the failure to act in a reasonable manner, such that the action causes harm to another
Components
Tort Law (cont) In order to bring a negligence claim, all four elements of negligence need to be
proved.
That the defendant (person or entity being sued) owed them a duty
That the duty was breached
That the breach of duty caused an injury
That the plaintiff (person suing) is injured
What can protect you from negligence?
Waivers
States that an injured party will not sue in the future for the negligent acts of another party
Tort Law
Have an attorney available.
Be proactively involved in risk management
Proper instruction
Proper supervision
Proper first aid assistance
Proper matching of opponent
Safe facilities
Safe equipment
Safe transportation options
Definition of sickle cell trait. What are the factors in if one develops a sickling episode? How
quickly will an episode occur? When can an episode occur? - ANS-Definition: is a condition
resulting from inheriting one gene for normal hemoglobin (A) and one gene for sickle
