1. Which vitamin deficiency is associated with xerophthalmia?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E
Answer: A) Vitamin A
Rationale: Vitamin A deficiency leads to xerophthalmia, characterized
by dryness and keratinization of the conjunctiva and cornea.
2. A 28-year-old female presents with sudden vision loss in one eye and
pain worsened by eye movement. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Optic Neuritis
B. Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
C. Retinal Vein Occlusion
D. Giant Cell Arteritis
Answer: A) Optic Neuritis
Rationale: Optic neuritis often presents with painful vision loss and is
associated with demyelinating conditions like multiple sclerosis.
3. A 45-year-old patient presents with a gradual loss of peripheral
vision. What is the most likely diagnosis?
,A. Retinitis Pigmentosa
B. Glaucoma
C. Optic Neuritis
D. Diabetic Retinopathy
Answer: B) Glaucoma
Rationale: Glaucoma commonly causes gradual peripheral vision loss
due to damage to the optic nerve.
4. A patient complains of sudden loss of vision described as a "curtain
coming down" over the visual field. What is the likely diagnosis?
A. Optic Neuritis
B. Retinal Detachment
C. Glaucoma
D. Cataract
Answer: B) Retinal Detachment
Rationale: The description is classic for retinal detachment, which
requires prompt intervention to preserve vision.
5. A patient presents with pain, photophobia, redness, and decreased
vision in one eye. Slit-lamp examination shows a dendritic ulcer. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Fungal Keratitis
B. Bacterial Keratitis
, C. Herpes Simplex Keratitis
D. Corneal Abrasion
Answer: C) Herpes Simplex Keratitis
Rationale: Dendritic ulcers are pathognomonic for herpes simplex
keratitis, often requiring antiviral therapy.
6. Which imaging modality is most useful for diagnosing choroidal
melanoma?
A. Ultrasound
B. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
C. Fundus Photography
D. Fluorescein Angiography
Answer: A) Ultrasound
Rationale: Ultrasound is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing
choroidal melanoma, providing detailed information about tumor size
and structure.
7. Which refractive error is associated with an elongated axial length of
the eyeball?
A. Hyperopia
B. Myopia
C. Astigmatism
D. Presbyopia
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E
Answer: A) Vitamin A
Rationale: Vitamin A deficiency leads to xerophthalmia, characterized
by dryness and keratinization of the conjunctiva and cornea.
2. A 28-year-old female presents with sudden vision loss in one eye and
pain worsened by eye movement. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Optic Neuritis
B. Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
C. Retinal Vein Occlusion
D. Giant Cell Arteritis
Answer: A) Optic Neuritis
Rationale: Optic neuritis often presents with painful vision loss and is
associated with demyelinating conditions like multiple sclerosis.
3. A 45-year-old patient presents with a gradual loss of peripheral
vision. What is the most likely diagnosis?
,A. Retinitis Pigmentosa
B. Glaucoma
C. Optic Neuritis
D. Diabetic Retinopathy
Answer: B) Glaucoma
Rationale: Glaucoma commonly causes gradual peripheral vision loss
due to damage to the optic nerve.
4. A patient complains of sudden loss of vision described as a "curtain
coming down" over the visual field. What is the likely diagnosis?
A. Optic Neuritis
B. Retinal Detachment
C. Glaucoma
D. Cataract
Answer: B) Retinal Detachment
Rationale: The description is classic for retinal detachment, which
requires prompt intervention to preserve vision.
5. A patient presents with pain, photophobia, redness, and decreased
vision in one eye. Slit-lamp examination shows a dendritic ulcer. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Fungal Keratitis
B. Bacterial Keratitis
, C. Herpes Simplex Keratitis
D. Corneal Abrasion
Answer: C) Herpes Simplex Keratitis
Rationale: Dendritic ulcers are pathognomonic for herpes simplex
keratitis, often requiring antiviral therapy.
6. Which imaging modality is most useful for diagnosing choroidal
melanoma?
A. Ultrasound
B. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
C. Fundus Photography
D. Fluorescein Angiography
Answer: A) Ultrasound
Rationale: Ultrasound is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing
choroidal melanoma, providing detailed information about tumor size
and structure.
7. Which refractive error is associated with an elongated axial length of
the eyeball?
A. Hyperopia
B. Myopia
C. Astigmatism
D. Presbyopia
