-Sden 2 exam-
Inhoudsopgave
The taste of wine-.......................................................................................................................................... 2
The grape and its environment-..................................................................................................................... 3
Grape & vineyard-......................................................................................................................................... 4
From grape to wine !!!!-................................................................................................................................. 5
France-.......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Italy-............................................................................................................................................................ 15
Spain-.......................................................................................................................................................... 19
Portugal-...................................................................................................................................................... 26
Germany-.................................................................................................................................................... 27
Austria –...................................................................................................................................................... 29
Hungary....................................................................................................................................................... 30
New world-.................................................................................................................................................. 31
California..................................................................................................................................................... 32
South Africa................................................................................................................................................. 33
Chile............................................................................................................................................................ 34
Argentina..................................................................................................................................................... 35
Australia...................................................................................................................................................... 35
New Zealand................................................................................................................................................ 36
Classifications.............................................................................................................................................. 37
, - The taste of wine-
What is wine
- Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented grapes
- 85% water
- 13% alcohol
- 2% rest {acids,suger,tannin,aromas}
Basic flavours
- Dry
On the label: sec, dry and trocken
- semi sweet
on the label: medium dry, demi sec, semi-sweet, halbtrocken, liebich and feinherb
- Sweet:
On the label: moelleux, doux,sweet and süss
mouthfeel or structure
- Tight: apple, lemon,tannine
- Filming: mayonaise, banana,butter,honey
which part does what
- eyes: sight: colour, clarity, intensity
- nose
smell: fragnance {geur}, aromas
feeling: tingling {tintelingen}
- nose via mouth: smell: aromas
- tongue: taste: sweet, sour,bitter or intensity
- Mouth cavity {holte}: feeling: soft,harsh,grainy,tingling,prickling,bubbeling
, - The grape and its environment-
environment: omgeving
Optimal climate
- between the 30 and 50 degrees of latitude {north and south}
the 4 general characteristics of a temperate climate are
1. a lot of sun, a reasonable high temperature, not too hot
2. little wind in spring
3. no frost or mild winter
4. not too much rain, especially in the early autumn.
soil
- best wines are from poor
soil {slechte grond}
, - Grape & vineyard-
grapevine growth circle
Spring:
budbreak, when buds form on the vine
buds produce shoots that sprout leaves
begin summer:
flowering first flowers upon which the grapes will eventually grow, after pollination. The
clusters are still very tiny. spring/lime green in colourant hard as a rock
summer:
berry growth: green grapes swell up
veraison : grapes begin to change colour. after verraison the grapes need 30 to 60 days to
ripen
ripening begins: sugars and colouring increase
summer/early autumn:
ripening:
sugars increase
acids decrease
tannin ripens
stems become woody
colouring in skin
- noble rot
winter:
Dormancy {kiemrust}
essential period of rest to promote strengthening of grapevine
Diseases in the vineyard
- Grey rot
malignant fungus called: botrytis cinerea. wet weather causes it to attack the grape.
you recognize it at the grey colour.
pourriture grise: a French term also used. grapes develop an unpleasant, musty,
mouldy taste.
it gets a Fabolous taste. the weather is important. it begins in autumn. when the grapes are
ripe and the morning misty. the grapes begin to schrivel{verschrompelen} and this results
become of a extraordinary aromas’. you can make sweet wines. the most famous is
sauternes
Inhoudsopgave
The taste of wine-.......................................................................................................................................... 2
The grape and its environment-..................................................................................................................... 3
Grape & vineyard-......................................................................................................................................... 4
From grape to wine !!!!-................................................................................................................................. 5
France-.......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Italy-............................................................................................................................................................ 15
Spain-.......................................................................................................................................................... 19
Portugal-...................................................................................................................................................... 26
Germany-.................................................................................................................................................... 27
Austria –...................................................................................................................................................... 29
Hungary....................................................................................................................................................... 30
New world-.................................................................................................................................................. 31
California..................................................................................................................................................... 32
South Africa................................................................................................................................................. 33
Chile............................................................................................................................................................ 34
Argentina..................................................................................................................................................... 35
Australia...................................................................................................................................................... 35
New Zealand................................................................................................................................................ 36
Classifications.............................................................................................................................................. 37
, - The taste of wine-
What is wine
- Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented grapes
- 85% water
- 13% alcohol
- 2% rest {acids,suger,tannin,aromas}
Basic flavours
- Dry
On the label: sec, dry and trocken
- semi sweet
on the label: medium dry, demi sec, semi-sweet, halbtrocken, liebich and feinherb
- Sweet:
On the label: moelleux, doux,sweet and süss
mouthfeel or structure
- Tight: apple, lemon,tannine
- Filming: mayonaise, banana,butter,honey
which part does what
- eyes: sight: colour, clarity, intensity
- nose
smell: fragnance {geur}, aromas
feeling: tingling {tintelingen}
- nose via mouth: smell: aromas
- tongue: taste: sweet, sour,bitter or intensity
- Mouth cavity {holte}: feeling: soft,harsh,grainy,tingling,prickling,bubbeling
, - The grape and its environment-
environment: omgeving
Optimal climate
- between the 30 and 50 degrees of latitude {north and south}
the 4 general characteristics of a temperate climate are
1. a lot of sun, a reasonable high temperature, not too hot
2. little wind in spring
3. no frost or mild winter
4. not too much rain, especially in the early autumn.
soil
- best wines are from poor
soil {slechte grond}
, - Grape & vineyard-
grapevine growth circle
Spring:
budbreak, when buds form on the vine
buds produce shoots that sprout leaves
begin summer:
flowering first flowers upon which the grapes will eventually grow, after pollination. The
clusters are still very tiny. spring/lime green in colourant hard as a rock
summer:
berry growth: green grapes swell up
veraison : grapes begin to change colour. after verraison the grapes need 30 to 60 days to
ripen
ripening begins: sugars and colouring increase
summer/early autumn:
ripening:
sugars increase
acids decrease
tannin ripens
stems become woody
colouring in skin
- noble rot
winter:
Dormancy {kiemrust}
essential period of rest to promote strengthening of grapevine
Diseases in the vineyard
- Grey rot
malignant fungus called: botrytis cinerea. wet weather causes it to attack the grape.
you recognize it at the grey colour.
pourriture grise: a French term also used. grapes develop an unpleasant, musty,
mouldy taste.
it gets a Fabolous taste. the weather is important. it begins in autumn. when the grapes are
ripe and the morning misty. the grapes begin to schrivel{verschrompelen} and this results
become of a extraordinary aromas’. you can make sweet wines. the most famous is
sauternes
