NURS 2750 Exam 3 Questions and Answers Latest Version 2025 Already Passed

NURS 2750 Exam 3 Questions and Answers Latest Version 2025 Already Passed Functions of the musculoskeletal system - Answers •Protection of vital organs •Mobility and movement •Facilitate return of blood to the heart •Production of blood cells (hematopoiesis) •Reservoir for immature blood cells •Reservoir for vital minerals Coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems - Answers body mechanics force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement - Answers friction regulating factors of bone formation and maintenance - Answers -Stress and weight bearing -Vitamin D -Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin -Blood supply normal calcium level - Answers 9-10.5 mg/dL developmental changes in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers - Answers •Prolonged immobility delays gross motor skills, intellectual development, or musculoskeletal development very bow-legged and top heavy - unsteady gait so increased risk for injury developmental changes in adolescents - Answers •Delayed in gaining independence and in accomplishing skills •Social isolation can occur if there is trauma, illness, surgery, etc "risk-takers" developmental changes in adults - Answers •Physiological systems are at risk •Changes in family and social structures ^^ with prolonged immobility because they tend to have sedentary lifestyles developmental changes in older adults - Answers •Decreased physical activity •Hormonal changes Bone reabsorption more comorbidities; bones more brittle and weak spinal changes (kyphosis), side to side gait ... encourage them to look up ability to move about freely - Answers mobility inability to move about freely - Answers immobility an intervention that restricts patients for therapeutic reasons - Answers bed rest metabolic effects due to impaired mobility - Answers endocrine, calcium absorption, and GI function kidneys unable to secrete calcium = hypercalcemia = fractures possible CV effects due to impaired mobility - Answers orthostatic hypotension, thrombus also dizziness, n/v, tachycardia, pallor, fainting muscle effects due to impaired mobility - Answers loss of muscle mass, atrophy urinary elimination effects due to impaired mobility - Answers urinary stasis renal calculi (bc hypercalcemia_ respiratory effects due to impaired mobility - Answers atelectasis (collapse of alveoli) and hypostatic pneumonia (inflammation of lungs from stasis of secretions) musculoskeletal effects due to impaired mobility - Answers loss of endurance and muscle mass and decreased stability and balance skeletal effects due to impaired mobility - Answers impaired calcium absorption, joint abnormalities ex: disuse osteoporosis = pathological fx possible integumentary effects due to impaired mobility - Answers pressure ulcer, ischemia describe the change of metabolic changes due to immobility - Answers immobility -- muscle atrophy -- negative nitrogen balance -- further loss of mass -- increased weakness ** nutritional intake due to anorexia and/or restrictions can affect negative nitrogen balance and increase weakness even more ** what kind of muscle/skeletal effects can immobility cause? - Answers dorsal and plantar flexion if muscles break down and shorten the foot cannot extend once pressed down (causes unsteady gait... dragging foot b/c cannot lift it) You notice a respiratory change in your immobilized postoperative patient. The change you note is most consistent with: A. Atelectasis. B. Hypertension. C. Orthostatic hypotension. D. Coagulation of blood. - Answers A. atelectasis what is considered orthostatic hypotension? - Answers when the systolic drops at least 20 mmHg when changing from sitting to standing, etc signs of infection of the urinary system due to immobility - Answers watch urine output, fluid intake, lab work, possible renal calculi, constipation psychosocial effects of immobility - Answers hostility, giddiness, fear, anxiety; sleep-wake alterations; depression, sadness, dejection how to assess mobility... - Answers •Describe any changes you've noticed in your ability to walk and take care of yourself on a daily basis. •Have you experienced any stiffness, swelling, pain, or difficulty with moving? If so, describe how you felt. •Have you noticed any shortness of breath? (incr. secretion stasis) how to assess immobility... - Answers •Describe your normal daily activity. Has this changed recently? •How have your appetite and diet changed since you've had problems moving around? (incr. fat and decr. protein = weak muscle) •Describe what you eat in a normal day. •Does your day seem very long? •Are you sleeping well at night? •Have you noticed any places on your skin that are reddened or have any open sores? (possible pressure injuries) •Describe any changes you've noticed in urinating and/or in having bowel movements. specific assessments regarding immobility/mobility - Answers •Pain and altered sensations •Activity •Gait •Alignment •Symmetry (bones, muscle mass •Muscle tone •Range of motion •Any involuntary muscle movements •Indications of inflammation •Gross deformities general inspection of the body to assess for mobility/immobility - Answers -Gait -Postural abnormalities -Age-related changes -Alignment -Decorticate rigidity- flexion and internal rotation of upper extremities joints and legs -Decerebrate rigidity- neck and elbow extension with the wrists and fingers flexed -Hemiplegia (paralyzed on one side) -Hemiparesis (weakness on one side) describe decorticate rigity - Answers plantar flexed internally rotated legs flexed elbows flexed wrists adducted arms describe decerebrate rigidity - Answers plantar flexed flexed wrist pronated forearm extended elbow adducted arms •exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine (common during toddler years and pregnancy - Answers lordosis •exaggerated curvature of the thoracic spine (common among older adults) - Answers kyphosis exaggerated lateral curvature - Answers scoliosis