D514 Midterm Exam Questions with Complete
Solutions
What is histology?
also called microscopic anatomy, and it is the scientific study of microscopic structures of
tissues and organs of the body
T/F: The color of a dye is related to whether it is basic or acidic.
F
T/F: Formalin does not preserve all cell and tissue components.
T
What dye, such as eosin, carries a net negative charge on its colored portion?
acidic
What is the ability of a microscope lens or optical system to produce separate images of
closely positioned objects?
resolving power
The resolving power of a bright-field microscope (most commonly used by students and
researchers) is about what?
0.2 um
Fixation, usually by a chemical or mixture of chemicals, permanently preserves the tissue
structure for subsequent treatments. Specimens should be immersed in fixative
immediately after they are removed from the body. Fixation is used to do what?
i. harden the tissue as a result of either cross-linking or denaturing protein molecules
ii. prevent enzymatic degradation of cells and tissues by autolysis (self-digestion)
,iii. terminate cell metabolism
iv. kill pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses
i, ii, iii, iv
The first step in preparation of a tissue sample is _____, which preserves structure and
prevents enzymatic degradation. In the second step, the specimen is _____, cleared, and
then embedded in a paraffin or epoxy resin to permit _____.
fixation, dehydrated, sectioning
A basic dye carries what net change on its colored portion?
positive
The most commonly used fixative is what?
10% neutral buffered formalin
Preparing a specimen for examination requires its infiltration with a(n) _____ that allows
it to be thinly sliced, typically in the range of 5 to 15 um. The specimen is _____ after
fixation and _____ in a series of alcohol solutions of ascending concentration as high as
100% alcohol to remove water. In the next step, _____, organic solvents such as xylene or
toluol, which are miscible in both alcohol and _____, are used to remove the alcohol
before infiltration of the specimen with melted paraffin.
embedding medium, washed, dehydrated, clearing, paraffin
The specimen most commonly studied in histology is what?
routinely prepared hematoxylin and eosin-stained section
Which of the following is true regarding Schiff (PAS) reactions?
is a method of localizing mRNA or DNA by hybridizing the sequence of interest to a
complementary strand of a nucleotide probe
,makes use of a photographic emulsion placed over a tissue section to localize radioactive
material within tissues
stains carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich molecules a distinctive magenta color, used
to demonstrate glycogen in cells, mucus in cells and tissues, the basement membrane in
connective tissue
is based on the specificity of a reaction between an antigen and an antibody that is
conjugated either to a fluorescent dye (for light microscopy) or gold particles (for electron
microscopy)
stains carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich molecules a distinctive magenta color, used to
demonstrate glycogen in cells, mucus in cells and tissues, the basement membrane in
connective tissue
A type of connective tissue found in close association with most epithelia, the connective
tissue that most epithelia rest on, is what?
loose connective tissue
T/F: Nerve tissue consists of nerve cells (neurons) and associated supporting cells of
several types.
T
In the central nervous system (CNS), which comprises the brain and spinal cord, the
supporting cells are called what?
neuroglial cells
T/F: Epithelium is characterized on the basis of its extracellular matrix.
F
Nerves are most commonly seen in longitudinal or cross-sections where?
loose connective tissue
, The axon terminates at a neuronal junction called a what, at which electrical impulses are
transferred from one cell to the next by secretion of neuromediators?
synapse
What is the innermost layer of the three germ layers that forms the wall of the primitive
gut in the early embryo that gives rise to epithelial portions or linings of the organs arising
from the primitive gut tube?
endoderm
What is the outermost of the three germ layers?
ectoderm
What is a type of striated muscle found in the wall of the heart and in the base of the
large veins that empty into the heart?
cardiac muscle
The two types of myofilaments associated with cell contraction of actin and myosin that
occupy the bulk of the cytoplasm are called what in muscle cells?
sarcoplasm
What is attached to bone and responsible for movement of the axial and appendicular
skeleton and for maintenance of body position and posture, providing precise eye
movement in the skeletal muscles of the eye (extraocular muscles)?
skeletal muscle
In enzyme histochemistry, which of the following is not considered a capture reagent?
heavy metal
dye
enzyme
Solutions
What is histology?
also called microscopic anatomy, and it is the scientific study of microscopic structures of
tissues and organs of the body
T/F: The color of a dye is related to whether it is basic or acidic.
F
T/F: Formalin does not preserve all cell and tissue components.
T
What dye, such as eosin, carries a net negative charge on its colored portion?
acidic
What is the ability of a microscope lens or optical system to produce separate images of
closely positioned objects?
resolving power
The resolving power of a bright-field microscope (most commonly used by students and
researchers) is about what?
0.2 um
Fixation, usually by a chemical or mixture of chemicals, permanently preserves the tissue
structure for subsequent treatments. Specimens should be immersed in fixative
immediately after they are removed from the body. Fixation is used to do what?
i. harden the tissue as a result of either cross-linking or denaturing protein molecules
ii. prevent enzymatic degradation of cells and tissues by autolysis (self-digestion)
,iii. terminate cell metabolism
iv. kill pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses
i, ii, iii, iv
The first step in preparation of a tissue sample is _____, which preserves structure and
prevents enzymatic degradation. In the second step, the specimen is _____, cleared, and
then embedded in a paraffin or epoxy resin to permit _____.
fixation, dehydrated, sectioning
A basic dye carries what net change on its colored portion?
positive
The most commonly used fixative is what?
10% neutral buffered formalin
Preparing a specimen for examination requires its infiltration with a(n) _____ that allows
it to be thinly sliced, typically in the range of 5 to 15 um. The specimen is _____ after
fixation and _____ in a series of alcohol solutions of ascending concentration as high as
100% alcohol to remove water. In the next step, _____, organic solvents such as xylene or
toluol, which are miscible in both alcohol and _____, are used to remove the alcohol
before infiltration of the specimen with melted paraffin.
embedding medium, washed, dehydrated, clearing, paraffin
The specimen most commonly studied in histology is what?
routinely prepared hematoxylin and eosin-stained section
Which of the following is true regarding Schiff (PAS) reactions?
is a method of localizing mRNA or DNA by hybridizing the sequence of interest to a
complementary strand of a nucleotide probe
,makes use of a photographic emulsion placed over a tissue section to localize radioactive
material within tissues
stains carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich molecules a distinctive magenta color, used
to demonstrate glycogen in cells, mucus in cells and tissues, the basement membrane in
connective tissue
is based on the specificity of a reaction between an antigen and an antibody that is
conjugated either to a fluorescent dye (for light microscopy) or gold particles (for electron
microscopy)
stains carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich molecules a distinctive magenta color, used to
demonstrate glycogen in cells, mucus in cells and tissues, the basement membrane in
connective tissue
A type of connective tissue found in close association with most epithelia, the connective
tissue that most epithelia rest on, is what?
loose connective tissue
T/F: Nerve tissue consists of nerve cells (neurons) and associated supporting cells of
several types.
T
In the central nervous system (CNS), which comprises the brain and spinal cord, the
supporting cells are called what?
neuroglial cells
T/F: Epithelium is characterized on the basis of its extracellular matrix.
F
Nerves are most commonly seen in longitudinal or cross-sections where?
loose connective tissue
, The axon terminates at a neuronal junction called a what, at which electrical impulses are
transferred from one cell to the next by secretion of neuromediators?
synapse
What is the innermost layer of the three germ layers that forms the wall of the primitive
gut in the early embryo that gives rise to epithelial portions or linings of the organs arising
from the primitive gut tube?
endoderm
What is the outermost of the three germ layers?
ectoderm
What is a type of striated muscle found in the wall of the heart and in the base of the
large veins that empty into the heart?
cardiac muscle
The two types of myofilaments associated with cell contraction of actin and myosin that
occupy the bulk of the cytoplasm are called what in muscle cells?
sarcoplasm
What is attached to bone and responsible for movement of the axial and appendicular
skeleton and for maintenance of body position and posture, providing precise eye
movement in the skeletal muscles of the eye (extraocular muscles)?
skeletal muscle
In enzyme histochemistry, which of the following is not considered a capture reagent?
heavy metal
dye
enzyme
