Final exam for patho test bank sample
questions with complete answers
A patient with myxedema complains to the nurse that he has a "hangover" the next
morning after taking a pain medication at night. Which explanation by the nurse is
the most accurate?
"You have increased sensitivity to the medicine because of your thyroid condition."
"The pain medication is incompatible with your thyroid medication and you should
find another analgesic to take."
"You are not taking enough thyroid medication and you should increase the
dosage."
"Because you haven't been sleeping, you have increased fatigue and should
increase the analgesic." - Answer-Any pain medication is likely to have this effect
because of his thyroid condition.
A nurse is caring for a patient with SIADH. What severe complication should the
nurse assess for?
Renal failure
Stroke
Diabetes insipidus
Neurologic damage - Answer-irreversible neurologic damage may occur
The nurse expects that a patient is experiencing undersecretion of adrenocortical
hormones when which conditions are found upon assessment? (Select all that apply)
Weight loss
Increased blood glucose levels
Dehydration
Decreased serum sodium levels
Increased potassium levels - Answer-Weight loss
Dehydration
Decreased serum sodium levels
Increased potassium levels
While checking the lab results for a patient with Graves disease, the nurse would
expect the T3 level to be abnormally
low.
variable.
high.
absent. - Answer-T3 levels are elevated in Graves disease.
A nurse is discussing endocrine system dysfunction with a patient. Which statement
indicates the patient understood? Endocrine system dysfunction can result from
hyposecretion, hypersecretion, or from
,increased synthesis of second messengers.
extracellular electrolyte alterations.
abnormal hormone levels.
abnormal receptor activity. - Answer-abnormal cell receptor function
A patient in her twenties with Graves' disease who takes methimazole [Tapazole]
tells a nurse that she is trying to conceive and asks about disease management
during pregnancy. What will the nurse tell her?
Methimazole is safe to take throughout pregnancy.
Propylthiouracil should be taken throughout her pregnancy.
The patient should discuss changing to propylthiouracil from now until her second
trimester with her provider.
The patient should discuss therapy with iodine-131 instead of medications with her
provider. - Answer-Propylthiouracil is recommended for pregnant patients only in the
first trimester
A patient is admitted to the hospital and will begin taking levothyroxine [Synthroid].
The nurse learns that the patient also takes warfarin [Coumadin]. The nurse will
notify the provider to discuss ____ the ____ dose.
reducing; warfarin
increasing; warfarin
increasing; levothyroxine
reducing; levothyroxine - Answer-have their warfarin dose reduced.
Which medication is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism?
Propylthiouracil (Propacil)
Radioactive iodine
Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Methimazole (Tapazole) - Answer-Levothyroxine (Synthroid) is considered the drug
of choice for hormone replacement in hypothyroidism.
A patient with hypothyroidism begins taking PO levothyroxine [Synthroid]. The nurse
assesses the patient at the beginning of the shift and notes a heart rate of 62 beats
per minute and a temperature of 97.2°F. The patient is lethargic and difficult to
arouse. The nurse will contact the provider to request an order for which drug?
Increased dose of PO levothyroxine
Methimazole [Tapazole]
Beta blocker
Intravenous levothyroxine - Answer-Intravenous administration of levothyroxine is
used for myxedema coma
A couple seeks counseling about the risk of their child developing Hemophilia A. The
man is not affected with Hemophilia A. Upon testing the woman is found to be a
carrier of Hemophilia A. Which of the following is true? Select all that apply
⁃ The male and female offspring will be at the same risk for being affected.
⁃ No female offspring can be affected.
, ⁃ Any female offspring have a 50% of being a carrier.
⁃ Any female offspring have a 100% chance of being affected.
⁃ Any male offspring have a 50% chance of being affected. - Answer-⁃ No female
offspring can be affected.
⁃ Any female offspring have a 50% of being a carrier.
⁃ Any male offspring have a 50% chance of being affected.
Decreased neuromuscular excitability is often the result of
hypocalcemia and hypokalemia.
hypomagnesemia and hyperkalemia.
hypernatremia and hypomagnesemia.
hypercalcemia and hypermagnesemia - Answer-hypercalcemia and
hypermagnesemia
The person at highest risk for developing hypercalcemis is a person who
has carpal spasms.
has frequent emesis.
has low vitamin D levels.
takes thiazide diuretics. - Answer-those who take thiazide diuretics
Clinical manifestations of extracellular fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia) include
thirst, dry mucous membranes, and diarrhea.
confusion, lethargy, coma, and perhaps seizures.
cardiac dysrhythmias, paresthesias, and muscle weakness.
weak pulse, low blood pressure, and increased heart rate. - Answer-weak pulse, low
blood pressure, and increased heart rate.
Which clinical manifestations might be present if the serum sodium is 131 mEq/L?
cardiac dysrhythmias, paresthesias, and muscle weakness
confusion, lethargy, coma, and perhaps seizures
thirst, dry mucous membranes, and diarrhea
weak pulse, low blood pressure, and increased heart rate - Answer-confusion,
lethargy, coma, and perhaps seizures
A patient asks the nurse about taking calcium supplements to avoid hypocalcemia.
The nurse will suggest that the patient follow which instruction?
Take calcium along with phosphorus to improve absorption.
Use aspirin instead of acetaminophen when taking calcium.
Take calcium with antacids to reduce stomach upset.
Take a calcium and vitamin D combination supplement. - Answer-Vitamin D must
taken along with calcium so that calcium can be absorbed
A patient is admitted after experiencing vomiting and diarrhea for several days. The
provider orders intravenous lactated Ringer's solution. The nurse understands that
this fluid is given for which purpose?
To replace water and electrolytes
questions with complete answers
A patient with myxedema complains to the nurse that he has a "hangover" the next
morning after taking a pain medication at night. Which explanation by the nurse is
the most accurate?
"You have increased sensitivity to the medicine because of your thyroid condition."
"The pain medication is incompatible with your thyroid medication and you should
find another analgesic to take."
"You are not taking enough thyroid medication and you should increase the
dosage."
"Because you haven't been sleeping, you have increased fatigue and should
increase the analgesic." - Answer-Any pain medication is likely to have this effect
because of his thyroid condition.
A nurse is caring for a patient with SIADH. What severe complication should the
nurse assess for?
Renal failure
Stroke
Diabetes insipidus
Neurologic damage - Answer-irreversible neurologic damage may occur
The nurse expects that a patient is experiencing undersecretion of adrenocortical
hormones when which conditions are found upon assessment? (Select all that apply)
Weight loss
Increased blood glucose levels
Dehydration
Decreased serum sodium levels
Increased potassium levels - Answer-Weight loss
Dehydration
Decreased serum sodium levels
Increased potassium levels
While checking the lab results for a patient with Graves disease, the nurse would
expect the T3 level to be abnormally
low.
variable.
high.
absent. - Answer-T3 levels are elevated in Graves disease.
A nurse is discussing endocrine system dysfunction with a patient. Which statement
indicates the patient understood? Endocrine system dysfunction can result from
hyposecretion, hypersecretion, or from
,increased synthesis of second messengers.
extracellular electrolyte alterations.
abnormal hormone levels.
abnormal receptor activity. - Answer-abnormal cell receptor function
A patient in her twenties with Graves' disease who takes methimazole [Tapazole]
tells a nurse that she is trying to conceive and asks about disease management
during pregnancy. What will the nurse tell her?
Methimazole is safe to take throughout pregnancy.
Propylthiouracil should be taken throughout her pregnancy.
The patient should discuss changing to propylthiouracil from now until her second
trimester with her provider.
The patient should discuss therapy with iodine-131 instead of medications with her
provider. - Answer-Propylthiouracil is recommended for pregnant patients only in the
first trimester
A patient is admitted to the hospital and will begin taking levothyroxine [Synthroid].
The nurse learns that the patient also takes warfarin [Coumadin]. The nurse will
notify the provider to discuss ____ the ____ dose.
reducing; warfarin
increasing; warfarin
increasing; levothyroxine
reducing; levothyroxine - Answer-have their warfarin dose reduced.
Which medication is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism?
Propylthiouracil (Propacil)
Radioactive iodine
Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Methimazole (Tapazole) - Answer-Levothyroxine (Synthroid) is considered the drug
of choice for hormone replacement in hypothyroidism.
A patient with hypothyroidism begins taking PO levothyroxine [Synthroid]. The nurse
assesses the patient at the beginning of the shift and notes a heart rate of 62 beats
per minute and a temperature of 97.2°F. The patient is lethargic and difficult to
arouse. The nurse will contact the provider to request an order for which drug?
Increased dose of PO levothyroxine
Methimazole [Tapazole]
Beta blocker
Intravenous levothyroxine - Answer-Intravenous administration of levothyroxine is
used for myxedema coma
A couple seeks counseling about the risk of their child developing Hemophilia A. The
man is not affected with Hemophilia A. Upon testing the woman is found to be a
carrier of Hemophilia A. Which of the following is true? Select all that apply
⁃ The male and female offspring will be at the same risk for being affected.
⁃ No female offspring can be affected.
, ⁃ Any female offspring have a 50% of being a carrier.
⁃ Any female offspring have a 100% chance of being affected.
⁃ Any male offspring have a 50% chance of being affected. - Answer-⁃ No female
offspring can be affected.
⁃ Any female offspring have a 50% of being a carrier.
⁃ Any male offspring have a 50% chance of being affected.
Decreased neuromuscular excitability is often the result of
hypocalcemia and hypokalemia.
hypomagnesemia and hyperkalemia.
hypernatremia and hypomagnesemia.
hypercalcemia and hypermagnesemia - Answer-hypercalcemia and
hypermagnesemia
The person at highest risk for developing hypercalcemis is a person who
has carpal spasms.
has frequent emesis.
has low vitamin D levels.
takes thiazide diuretics. - Answer-those who take thiazide diuretics
Clinical manifestations of extracellular fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia) include
thirst, dry mucous membranes, and diarrhea.
confusion, lethargy, coma, and perhaps seizures.
cardiac dysrhythmias, paresthesias, and muscle weakness.
weak pulse, low blood pressure, and increased heart rate. - Answer-weak pulse, low
blood pressure, and increased heart rate.
Which clinical manifestations might be present if the serum sodium is 131 mEq/L?
cardiac dysrhythmias, paresthesias, and muscle weakness
confusion, lethargy, coma, and perhaps seizures
thirst, dry mucous membranes, and diarrhea
weak pulse, low blood pressure, and increased heart rate - Answer-confusion,
lethargy, coma, and perhaps seizures
A patient asks the nurse about taking calcium supplements to avoid hypocalcemia.
The nurse will suggest that the patient follow which instruction?
Take calcium along with phosphorus to improve absorption.
Use aspirin instead of acetaminophen when taking calcium.
Take calcium with antacids to reduce stomach upset.
Take a calcium and vitamin D combination supplement. - Answer-Vitamin D must
taken along with calcium so that calcium can be absorbed
A patient is admitted after experiencing vomiting and diarrhea for several days. The
provider orders intravenous lactated Ringer's solution. The nurse understands that
this fluid is given for which purpose?
To replace water and electrolytes
