Creswell Textbook Exam Questions
and Answers
Reporting research Involves deciding on audiences, structuring the
report in a format acceptable to these audiences, and then writing the
report in a manner that is sensitive to all readers
Evaluating research Involves assessing the quality of a study using
standards advanced by individuals in education
Flow of research process through qualitative / quantitative
Creswell page 12
Major characteristics of quantitative research 1. Describing a
research problem
2. Providing a major role for the literature
3. Creating purpose statements, research question and hypothesis that
are measurable
4. Collecting numeric data
5. Analyzing trends, comparing groups, or using variables
6. Writing the research report using standard, fixed structures of
evaluation criteria
Instrument Tool for measuring, observing, or documenting
quantitative data (i.e., survey questionnaires, standardized tests, etc)
Quantitative research, research problem Identified a research
problem based on trends in the field or on the need to explain why
something occurs
Quantitative research, reviewing the literature Substantial
literature typically in the beginning of the study. Justifies the need for
the research problem and suggesting potential purposes and research
questions for the study
, Quantitative research, research questions Ask specific, narrow
questions to obtain measurable and observable data on variables
Quantitative research, data collection Use an instrument to measure
the variables in the study
Quantitative research, data analysis Analyze the data using
mathematical procedures, called statistics
Quantitative research, reporting and evaluating The overall format
for a study follows a predictable pattern - introduction, review of the
literature, methods, results, and discussion
Qualitative research characteristics 1. Exploring a problem
2. Literature review plays a minor role, but justify the problem
3. Stating the purpose of research in a general/broad way
4. Collecting data based on words from a small number of individuals
5. Analyzing the data for description and themes
6. Writing the report using flexible, emerging structures & include the
researchers bias
Qualitative research is best suited to ... Address a research problem in
which you do not know the variables and need to explore
Central phenomenon The key concept, idea, or process studied in
qualitative research
Qualitative research, literature review Plays a less substantial role in
the beginning than quantitative - literature does not provide major
direction for the research questions
Qualitative research, purpose statement & research questions Stated
so that you can best learn from participants
Qualitative research, data collection Collect data to learn from the
participants in the study and develop forms, called protocols for
and Answers
Reporting research Involves deciding on audiences, structuring the
report in a format acceptable to these audiences, and then writing the
report in a manner that is sensitive to all readers
Evaluating research Involves assessing the quality of a study using
standards advanced by individuals in education
Flow of research process through qualitative / quantitative
Creswell page 12
Major characteristics of quantitative research 1. Describing a
research problem
2. Providing a major role for the literature
3. Creating purpose statements, research question and hypothesis that
are measurable
4. Collecting numeric data
5. Analyzing trends, comparing groups, or using variables
6. Writing the research report using standard, fixed structures of
evaluation criteria
Instrument Tool for measuring, observing, or documenting
quantitative data (i.e., survey questionnaires, standardized tests, etc)
Quantitative research, research problem Identified a research
problem based on trends in the field or on the need to explain why
something occurs
Quantitative research, reviewing the literature Substantial
literature typically in the beginning of the study. Justifies the need for
the research problem and suggesting potential purposes and research
questions for the study
, Quantitative research, research questions Ask specific, narrow
questions to obtain measurable and observable data on variables
Quantitative research, data collection Use an instrument to measure
the variables in the study
Quantitative research, data analysis Analyze the data using
mathematical procedures, called statistics
Quantitative research, reporting and evaluating The overall format
for a study follows a predictable pattern - introduction, review of the
literature, methods, results, and discussion
Qualitative research characteristics 1. Exploring a problem
2. Literature review plays a minor role, but justify the problem
3. Stating the purpose of research in a general/broad way
4. Collecting data based on words from a small number of individuals
5. Analyzing the data for description and themes
6. Writing the report using flexible, emerging structures & include the
researchers bias
Qualitative research is best suited to ... Address a research problem in
which you do not know the variables and need to explore
Central phenomenon The key concept, idea, or process studied in
qualitative research
Qualitative research, literature review Plays a less substantial role in
the beginning than quantitative - literature does not provide major
direction for the research questions
Qualitative research, purpose statement & research questions Stated
so that you can best learn from participants
Qualitative research, data collection Collect data to learn from the
participants in the study and develop forms, called protocols for
