NURS 332 Quiz 1 Questions And Answers With Real
Study Solutions
Name the structures of the upper respiratory tract ANS Nasal cavity, pharynx, adenoids, tonsils,
epiglottis, larynx, trachea
Name the structures of the lower respiratory tract ANS Bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts,
alveoli
Define surfactant ANS a lipoprotein that lowers the surface tension of alveoli à reduces work it
takes to inflate alveoli, decreases chances of collapse
Define atelectasis ANS collapsed, airless alveoli
how lobes are in the right and left lung? ANS Right lung: 3 lobes (upper, middle, lower)
Left lung: 2 lobes (upper and lower)
define pulmonary circulation ANS provides blood to lungs for gas exchange
define bronchial circulation ANS provides oxygen to bronchi and other pulmonary tissues
what are the 3 physiologic components necessary for oxygenation? ANS 1. Pulmonary gas
exchange - inhalation of oxygen from ext. enviro
2. Oxygen delivery - transporting oxygen to internal enviro
3. Oxygen consumption - the use of oxygen
what are the basic goals of oxygenation? ANS to provide oxygen to tissues and remove carbon
dioxide
define ventilation ANS exchange of oxygen from external enviro to internal enviro (alveoli),
process of breathing
, define diffusion ANS movement of gases from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration across alveolar capillary membrane
- Process in which oxygen moves across the alveoli and into the pulmonary capillaries
define perfusion ANS the amount of blood in the pulmonary capillaries
what is necessary for good pulmonary gas exchange to occur? ANS ventilation and perfusion
need to be as equally matched as possible or completely equal
- mismatch = impaired oxygenation and gas exchange
define the VQ ratio ANS ventilation to perfusion ratio, effectiveness of gas exchange
- ratio of air reaching the alveoli to the amount of blood reaching the alveoli
- alveolar (ventilation) = capillary (perfusion)
what are some components that are necessary to adequate ventilation? ANS functioning of the
ventilatory muscles, thorax, lungs, conducting airways, and nervous system
Decreased functioning:
- respiratory muscle weakness or trauma
- decreased LOC
- obstruction or trauma to airways, lungs, or thorax
- restrictive pulmonary disorders - restriction in lung volume
what is an important factor in the functioning of the alveolar-capillary membrane? ANS - surface
area available for diffusion*
- thickness of alveolar-capillary membrane*
- partial pressure of the gas on either side of the membrane
- diffusion characteristics of the gas (solubility, molecular weight)
Study Solutions
Name the structures of the upper respiratory tract ANS Nasal cavity, pharynx, adenoids, tonsils,
epiglottis, larynx, trachea
Name the structures of the lower respiratory tract ANS Bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts,
alveoli
Define surfactant ANS a lipoprotein that lowers the surface tension of alveoli à reduces work it
takes to inflate alveoli, decreases chances of collapse
Define atelectasis ANS collapsed, airless alveoli
how lobes are in the right and left lung? ANS Right lung: 3 lobes (upper, middle, lower)
Left lung: 2 lobes (upper and lower)
define pulmonary circulation ANS provides blood to lungs for gas exchange
define bronchial circulation ANS provides oxygen to bronchi and other pulmonary tissues
what are the 3 physiologic components necessary for oxygenation? ANS 1. Pulmonary gas
exchange - inhalation of oxygen from ext. enviro
2. Oxygen delivery - transporting oxygen to internal enviro
3. Oxygen consumption - the use of oxygen
what are the basic goals of oxygenation? ANS to provide oxygen to tissues and remove carbon
dioxide
define ventilation ANS exchange of oxygen from external enviro to internal enviro (alveoli),
process of breathing
, define diffusion ANS movement of gases from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration across alveolar capillary membrane
- Process in which oxygen moves across the alveoli and into the pulmonary capillaries
define perfusion ANS the amount of blood in the pulmonary capillaries
what is necessary for good pulmonary gas exchange to occur? ANS ventilation and perfusion
need to be as equally matched as possible or completely equal
- mismatch = impaired oxygenation and gas exchange
define the VQ ratio ANS ventilation to perfusion ratio, effectiveness of gas exchange
- ratio of air reaching the alveoli to the amount of blood reaching the alveoli
- alveolar (ventilation) = capillary (perfusion)
what are some components that are necessary to adequate ventilation? ANS functioning of the
ventilatory muscles, thorax, lungs, conducting airways, and nervous system
Decreased functioning:
- respiratory muscle weakness or trauma
- decreased LOC
- obstruction or trauma to airways, lungs, or thorax
- restrictive pulmonary disorders - restriction in lung volume
what is an important factor in the functioning of the alveolar-capillary membrane? ANS - surface
area available for diffusion*
- thickness of alveolar-capillary membrane*
- partial pressure of the gas on either side of the membrane
- diffusion characteristics of the gas (solubility, molecular weight)
