, ESSENTIALSOF w w
ECONOMETRICS
FOURTHwEDITION
Damodar N. Gujarati w w
ProfessorwEmerituswofwEconomics,wUnitedwStateswMilitarywAcademy,wWestwPoint
Dawn C. Porterw w
UniversitywofwSouthernwCalifornia
Boston BurrwRidge,wIL Dubuque,wIA NewwYork SanwFrancisco
St.wLouiswBangkok Bogotá Caracas KualawLumpur Lisbon London
Madrid MexicowCitywMilan Montreal NewwDelhi wSantiago Seoul
Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto
,ESSENTIALSwOFwECONOMETRICS
PublishedwbywMcGraw-Hill/Irwin,wawbusinesswunitwofwThewMcGraw-
HillwCompanies,wInc.,w1221w AvenuewofwthewAmericas,wNewwYork,wNY,w10020.wCopyrightw©w20
10,w2006,w1999,w1992wbywThewMcGraw-
w HillwCompanies,wInc.wAllwrightswreserved.wNowpartwofwthiswpublicationwmaywbewreproducedw
orwdistrib-
w utedwinwanywformworwbywanywmeans,worwstoredwinwawdatabaseworwretrievalwsystem,wwithout
wthewpriorw writtenwconsentwofwThewMcGraw-
HillwCompanies,wInc.,wincluding,wbutwnotwlimitedwto,winwanywnetworkw orwotherwelectronicwstor
ageworwtransmission,worwbroadcastwforwdistancewlearning.
Somewancillaries,wincludingwelectronicwandwprintwcomponents,wmaywnotwbewavailablewtowcustom
erswout-w sidewthewUnitedwStates.
Thiswbookwiswprintedwonwacid-
freewpaper.w 1w2w3w4w5w6w7w8w9w0wD
OC/DOCw0w9
ISBNw w 978-0-07-337584-7
MHIDw 0-07-337584-5
Vicewpresidentwandweditor-in-chief:wBrentwGordon
Publisher:wDouglaswReiner
Directorwofwdevelopment:wAnnwTorbert
w Developmentweditor:wAnnewE.wHilber
tw Editorialwcoordinator:wNoellewFox
Vicewpresidentwandwdirectorwofwmarketing:wRobinwJ.wZwettler
Associatewmarketingwmanager:wDeanwKarampelas
Vicewpresidentwofwediting,wdesignwandwproduction:wSeshawBolisetty
Projectwmanager:wKathrynwD.wMikulic
Leadwproductionwsupervisor:wCarolwA.wBielski
Designwcoordinator:wJoannewMennemeier
Mediawprojectwmanager:wSureshwBabu,wHurixwSystemswPvt.wLtd.
Typeface:w10/12wPalatino
Compositor:wMacmillanwPublishingwSolutions
Printer:wR.wR.wDonnelley
Libraryw ofw Congressw Cataloging-in-Publicationw Data
Gujarati,wDamodarwN.
Essentialswofweconometricsw/wDamodarwN.wGujarati,wDawnwC.wPorter.—4thwed.
p.wcm.
Includeswindex
.
ISBN-13:w978-0-07-337584-
7w(alk.wpaper)w ISBN-10:w0-07-337584-
5w(alk.wpaper)
1. Econometrics.w 2.wEconomics—
Statisticalwmethods.w I.wPorter,wDawnwC.w II.wTitle.w HB139.G85w2010
330.01'5195—dc22
2009010482
, www.mhhe.com
ECONOMETRICS
FOURTHwEDITION
Damodar N. Gujarati w w
ProfessorwEmerituswofwEconomics,wUnitedwStateswMilitarywAcademy,wWestwPoint
Dawn C. Porterw w
UniversitywofwSouthernwCalifornia
Boston BurrwRidge,wIL Dubuque,wIA NewwYork SanwFrancisco
St.wLouiswBangkok Bogotá Caracas KualawLumpur Lisbon London
Madrid MexicowCitywMilan Montreal NewwDelhi wSantiago Seoul
Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto
,ESSENTIALSwOFwECONOMETRICS
PublishedwbywMcGraw-Hill/Irwin,wawbusinesswunitwofwThewMcGraw-
HillwCompanies,wInc.,w1221w AvenuewofwthewAmericas,wNewwYork,wNY,w10020.wCopyrightw©w20
10,w2006,w1999,w1992wbywThewMcGraw-
w HillwCompanies,wInc.wAllwrightswreserved.wNowpartwofwthiswpublicationwmaywbewreproducedw
orwdistrib-
w utedwinwanywformworwbywanywmeans,worwstoredwinwawdatabaseworwretrievalwsystem,wwithout
wthewpriorw writtenwconsentwofwThewMcGraw-
HillwCompanies,wInc.,wincluding,wbutwnotwlimitedwto,winwanywnetworkw orwotherwelectronicwstor
ageworwtransmission,worwbroadcastwforwdistancewlearning.
Somewancillaries,wincludingwelectronicwandwprintwcomponents,wmaywnotwbewavailablewtowcustom
erswout-w sidewthewUnitedwStates.
Thiswbookwiswprintedwonwacid-
freewpaper.w 1w2w3w4w5w6w7w8w9w0wD
OC/DOCw0w9
ISBNw w 978-0-07-337584-7
MHIDw 0-07-337584-5
Vicewpresidentwandweditor-in-chief:wBrentwGordon
Publisher:wDouglaswReiner
Directorwofwdevelopment:wAnnwTorbert
w Developmentweditor:wAnnewE.wHilber
tw Editorialwcoordinator:wNoellewFox
Vicewpresidentwandwdirectorwofwmarketing:wRobinwJ.wZwettler
Associatewmarketingwmanager:wDeanwKarampelas
Vicewpresidentwofwediting,wdesignwandwproduction:wSeshawBolisetty
Projectwmanager:wKathrynwD.wMikulic
Leadwproductionwsupervisor:wCarolwA.wBielski
Designwcoordinator:wJoannewMennemeier
Mediawprojectwmanager:wSureshwBabu,wHurixwSystemswPvt.wLtd.
Typeface:w10/12wPalatino
Compositor:wMacmillanwPublishingwSolutions
Printer:wR.wR.wDonnelley
Libraryw ofw Congressw Cataloging-in-Publicationw Data
Gujarati,wDamodarwN.
Essentialswofweconometricsw/wDamodarwN.wGujarati,wDawnwC.wPorter.—4thwed.
p.wcm.
Includeswindex
.
ISBN-13:w978-0-07-337584-
7w(alk.wpaper)w ISBN-10:w0-07-337584-
5w(alk.wpaper)
1. Econometrics.w 2.wEconomics—
Statisticalwmethods.w I.wPorter,wDawnwC.w II.wTitle.w HB139.G85w2010
330.01'5195—dc22
2009010482
, www.mhhe.com
