NSG 4100 EXAM 2
How does HHS present?
- Onset over several days
- Normal BiCarbonate (HCO3)
- Serum Osmolarity will be greater than 350
- Triggered by stress
- Lack of effective insulin (insulin resistance)
- Hypernatremia r/t increased osmolarity
What is normal serum osmolarity levels?
275 to 295 mOsm/kg
What distinguishes HHS from DKA?
ketosis and acidosis do not occur in HHS, partly because of differences in insulin
levels.
Cortisol is produced by the..
Adrenal cortex
,Aldosterone is produced by the...
Adrenal cortex
Androgen is produced by the...
Adrenal cortex
What does cortisol do to the body? What is cortisol's responsibilities?
-Helps control the body’s use of fats, proteins and carbohydrates
-Suppresses inflammation
-Regulates blood pressure
-Increases blood sugar
-Decrease bone formation
What does aldosterone do to the body? What are its responsibilities?
Tells kidneys to absorb more sodium into the bloodstream
- Releases potassium into the urine (regulates BP)
,What do androgens do for the body?
Assists ovaries produce estrogen and testes produce testosterone
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia occurs when....
the enzyme needed for cortisol production in adrenal gland is lacking because of a
gene defect.
Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome) is caused by...
aldosterone-secreting tumors
The adrenal medulla controls...
adrenaline
Secondary hyperaldosteronism is caused by....
Poor kidney perfusion
Patients with hypoaldosteronism will retain _____ and _____, and have low ________
levels.
, Salt and water retention
Low K+
How is hypoaldosteronism treated?
- Mineral corticoids to maintain that salt and water balance,
- Glucocorticoids if there is a cortisol deFciency
- Potentially diuretics
Cushing’s Syndrome is a condition of
hyperadrenalism -> High cortisol levels
The Pituitary is Located on the....
inferior aspect of the brain and is divided into anterior and posterior lobes. The gland
is controlled by the hypothalamus, which is an adjacent area of the brain
Pituitary gland secretes hormones that...
influence growth, metabolism and regeneration
How does HHS present?
- Onset over several days
- Normal BiCarbonate (HCO3)
- Serum Osmolarity will be greater than 350
- Triggered by stress
- Lack of effective insulin (insulin resistance)
- Hypernatremia r/t increased osmolarity
What is normal serum osmolarity levels?
275 to 295 mOsm/kg
What distinguishes HHS from DKA?
ketosis and acidosis do not occur in HHS, partly because of differences in insulin
levels.
Cortisol is produced by the..
Adrenal cortex
,Aldosterone is produced by the...
Adrenal cortex
Androgen is produced by the...
Adrenal cortex
What does cortisol do to the body? What is cortisol's responsibilities?
-Helps control the body’s use of fats, proteins and carbohydrates
-Suppresses inflammation
-Regulates blood pressure
-Increases blood sugar
-Decrease bone formation
What does aldosterone do to the body? What are its responsibilities?
Tells kidneys to absorb more sodium into the bloodstream
- Releases potassium into the urine (regulates BP)
,What do androgens do for the body?
Assists ovaries produce estrogen and testes produce testosterone
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia occurs when....
the enzyme needed for cortisol production in adrenal gland is lacking because of a
gene defect.
Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome) is caused by...
aldosterone-secreting tumors
The adrenal medulla controls...
adrenaline
Secondary hyperaldosteronism is caused by....
Poor kidney perfusion
Patients with hypoaldosteronism will retain _____ and _____, and have low ________
levels.
, Salt and water retention
Low K+
How is hypoaldosteronism treated?
- Mineral corticoids to maintain that salt and water balance,
- Glucocorticoids if there is a cortisol deFciency
- Potentially diuretics
Cushing’s Syndrome is a condition of
hyperadrenalism -> High cortisol levels
The Pituitary is Located on the....
inferior aspect of the brain and is divided into anterior and posterior lobes. The gland
is controlled by the hypothalamus, which is an adjacent area of the brain
Pituitary gland secretes hormones that...
influence growth, metabolism and regeneration
