1
NSG
NSG 3850 / NSG3850 E XAM 2: (NEW 2025/
2026 UPDATE) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY II REVIEW|
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS| GRADE A| 100%
CORRECT (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)- GALEN
The pulmonary structure that has the least pulmonary
blood flow is a. lung apex.
b. middle lung.
c. lower lung.
d. zone 4.: ANS: A
Zone 1 (apex) has no perfusion and is equivalent to dead space.
Zone 2 (middle lung) is intermittently perfused. Zone 3 (lower
lung) is continuously perfused. There is no zone 4.
Autonomic nervous system stimulation effects on the
respiratory system include
a. parasympathetic stimulation dilates airways.
b. sympathetic stimulation constricts airways.
NSG 3850
, 2
NSG
c. sympathetic stimulation relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.
d. the autonomic system has no effect on the respiratory
system.: ANS: C Sympathetic nervous system stimulation
relaxes bronchial smooth muscle. Parasympathetic stimulation
constricts airways. Sympathetic stimulation dilates airways.
The autonomic nervous system does affect the respiratory
system by relaxing the pulmonary blood vessels.
Primary pulmonary hypertension is
a. more common in men.
b. readily treatable.
c. caused by genetic mutation.
d. rapidly progressive.: ANS: D
Primary pulmonary hypertension is rapidly progressive. Primary
pulmonary hypertension is more common in women and is not
responsive to treatment. While primary pulmonary hypertension
may be genetic in some individuals, the cause is unknown. 13.
Hypoventilation causes
NSG 3850
, 3
NSG
a. hypoxemia.
b. respiratory alkalosis.
c. increased minute ventilation.
d. decreased PaCO2.: ANS: A
Hypoventilation causes increased PaCO2 and resultant
hypoxemia. Hypoventilation does not cause increased minute
ventilation. Hyperventilation causes respiratory alkalosis and
decreased PaCO2.
Which person is at greatest risk for developing a pulmonary
embolism?
a. A 25-year-old man with asthma
b. A 28-year-old woman in the first trimester of a normal
pregnancy
c. A 42-year-old woman with a broken ankle
d. A 67-year-old man with a deep vein thrombosis in the
femoral vein: ANS: D The presence of deep vein thrombosis
in the lower limbs is the most important risk factor for
NSG 3850
, 4
NSG
pulmonary embolism. Older age is also a risk factor. Asthma is
not a specific risk factor for pulmonary embolism. The risk of
developing blood clots and pulmonary emboli occurs later in
pregnancy. Fractures of the pelvis or long bones can lead to fat
emboli to the lung, but not fractures to small bones.
Chronic pulmonary hypertension can eventually cause
which complication?
a. Pulmonary emboli
b. Respiratory acidosis
c. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
d. Right heart failure: ANS: D
Increased right ventricular afterload from pulmonary hypertension
can lead to right heart failure, also known as cor pulmonale.
Chronic pulmonary hypertension is not a risk factor for pulmonary
emboli. Chronic respiratory acidosis is a common cause of
pulmonary hypertension, rather than a complication of it. Chronic
pulmonary hypertension does not cause chronic obstructive
NSG 3850
NSG
NSG 3850 / NSG3850 E XAM 2: (NEW 2025/
2026 UPDATE) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY II REVIEW|
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS| GRADE A| 100%
CORRECT (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)- GALEN
The pulmonary structure that has the least pulmonary
blood flow is a. lung apex.
b. middle lung.
c. lower lung.
d. zone 4.: ANS: A
Zone 1 (apex) has no perfusion and is equivalent to dead space.
Zone 2 (middle lung) is intermittently perfused. Zone 3 (lower
lung) is continuously perfused. There is no zone 4.
Autonomic nervous system stimulation effects on the
respiratory system include
a. parasympathetic stimulation dilates airways.
b. sympathetic stimulation constricts airways.
NSG 3850
, 2
NSG
c. sympathetic stimulation relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.
d. the autonomic system has no effect on the respiratory
system.: ANS: C Sympathetic nervous system stimulation
relaxes bronchial smooth muscle. Parasympathetic stimulation
constricts airways. Sympathetic stimulation dilates airways.
The autonomic nervous system does affect the respiratory
system by relaxing the pulmonary blood vessels.
Primary pulmonary hypertension is
a. more common in men.
b. readily treatable.
c. caused by genetic mutation.
d. rapidly progressive.: ANS: D
Primary pulmonary hypertension is rapidly progressive. Primary
pulmonary hypertension is more common in women and is not
responsive to treatment. While primary pulmonary hypertension
may be genetic in some individuals, the cause is unknown. 13.
Hypoventilation causes
NSG 3850
, 3
NSG
a. hypoxemia.
b. respiratory alkalosis.
c. increased minute ventilation.
d. decreased PaCO2.: ANS: A
Hypoventilation causes increased PaCO2 and resultant
hypoxemia. Hypoventilation does not cause increased minute
ventilation. Hyperventilation causes respiratory alkalosis and
decreased PaCO2.
Which person is at greatest risk for developing a pulmonary
embolism?
a. A 25-year-old man with asthma
b. A 28-year-old woman in the first trimester of a normal
pregnancy
c. A 42-year-old woman with a broken ankle
d. A 67-year-old man with a deep vein thrombosis in the
femoral vein: ANS: D The presence of deep vein thrombosis
in the lower limbs is the most important risk factor for
NSG 3850
, 4
NSG
pulmonary embolism. Older age is also a risk factor. Asthma is
not a specific risk factor for pulmonary embolism. The risk of
developing blood clots and pulmonary emboli occurs later in
pregnancy. Fractures of the pelvis or long bones can lead to fat
emboli to the lung, but not fractures to small bones.
Chronic pulmonary hypertension can eventually cause
which complication?
a. Pulmonary emboli
b. Respiratory acidosis
c. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
d. Right heart failure: ANS: D
Increased right ventricular afterload from pulmonary hypertension
can lead to right heart failure, also known as cor pulmonale.
Chronic pulmonary hypertension is not a risk factor for pulmonary
emboli. Chronic respiratory acidosis is a common cause of
pulmonary hypertension, rather than a complication of it. Chronic
pulmonary hypertension does not cause chronic obstructive
NSG 3850
