HED Exam 1 Questions with Complete
and Correct Answers
epidemiology definition - Answer-the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states
and events in human populations, and the application of this study to the prevention and control health
problems
what are the "health related states and events" included in the definition of epidemiology - Answer-
health-related states and events include diseases, events, behaviors and conditions associated with
health
descriptive epidemiology - Answer-characterization of the distribution of health-related states or events
in a population
analytic epidemiology - Answer-finding and quantifying associations, testing hypotheses, and identifying
causes of health-related states or events
what are some activities in epidemiology - Answer--monitor health related states and events in
populations over time (surveillance)
-identify individuals and populations at greatest risk for disease
-identify risk and protective factors for health outcomes
-investigate disease outbreaks
, -evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of interventions
-provide information for public health planning and decision making
-communicate public health information
efficacy - Answer-ability of program to produce desired effect among those who participate in program
compared to those who do not
effectiveness - Answer-ability of program to produce benefits among those who are offered the
program
endemic - Answer-ongoing, usual, or constant presence of a disease in a community or among a group
of people
epidemic - Answer-occurrence of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-
related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy in a community or region
outbreak - Answer-an epidemic limited to a localized increase in the incidence of a disease, e.g., in a
village, town, or closed institution
pandemic - Answer-an epidemic affecting or attacking the population of an extensive region, country, or
continent
primary case - Answer-first disease case in the population
index case - Answer-first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist - not always the
primary case
secondary cases - Answer-persons who become infected and ill after a disease is introduced into a
population and who become infected from the primary case
and Correct Answers
epidemiology definition - Answer-the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states
and events in human populations, and the application of this study to the prevention and control health
problems
what are the "health related states and events" included in the definition of epidemiology - Answer-
health-related states and events include diseases, events, behaviors and conditions associated with
health
descriptive epidemiology - Answer-characterization of the distribution of health-related states or events
in a population
analytic epidemiology - Answer-finding and quantifying associations, testing hypotheses, and identifying
causes of health-related states or events
what are some activities in epidemiology - Answer--monitor health related states and events in
populations over time (surveillance)
-identify individuals and populations at greatest risk for disease
-identify risk and protective factors for health outcomes
-investigate disease outbreaks
, -evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of interventions
-provide information for public health planning and decision making
-communicate public health information
efficacy - Answer-ability of program to produce desired effect among those who participate in program
compared to those who do not
effectiveness - Answer-ability of program to produce benefits among those who are offered the
program
endemic - Answer-ongoing, usual, or constant presence of a disease in a community or among a group
of people
epidemic - Answer-occurrence of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-
related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy in a community or region
outbreak - Answer-an epidemic limited to a localized increase in the incidence of a disease, e.g., in a
village, town, or closed institution
pandemic - Answer-an epidemic affecting or attacking the population of an extensive region, country, or
continent
primary case - Answer-first disease case in the population
index case - Answer-first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist - not always the
primary case
secondary cases - Answer-persons who become infected and ill after a disease is introduced into a
population and who become infected from the primary case
