BIOL 1402 EXAM 1
1. Characteristics of a Scientific Hypothesis: testable and falsifiable
2. Compare and Contrast the terms scientific hypothesis and scientific
theory: Hypothesis:
- a proposed explanation for a single observation - it is testable and falsifiable
Scientific Theory:
- powerful, broad explanation for related observations
- these are based on hypotheses
- supported by research
3. Inductive Reasoning versus Deductive Reasoning: Inductive reasoning:
combining specific observations to general principles (formulating)
Deductive reasoning:
general principle to predict observations (predicting)
4. Explain why the truth of a hypothesis cannot be proven conclusively via
deductive reasoning.: ?
5. Features of a controlled experiment: - tests effect of a single variable
- limits possible alternate hypotheses
- the differences in results should be due to treatment
6. Strategies for minimizing bias when designing experiments: Blind studies
where participant knowledge is limited
Double Blind Studies where both researchers and participants knowledge is
limited
7. Define correlation
Explain the benefits and limitations of using this technique to test
hypotheses: Correlation: connection or relationship between 2 or more things
Used when controlled on humans may be impossible, dangerous, or unethical
8. Information that statistical tests provide: ?
9. Compare and contrast primary and secondary sources: Primary source:
- original research
- peer reviewed by other scientists before publication
,Secondary source:
- story about the original research
- books, news reports, ads
10. What is a proposed explanation for a single observation?: Hypothesis
11. Is this a testable statement? Colds are caused by differences in personal
auras.: No
12. Hypothesis: Vitamin C prevents colds. Why is it impossible to say that
this hypothesis is true?: Alternative hypotheses might be possible.
13. Hypotheses need to be tested with laboratory experiments. (T or F):
False
Some may be tested by observations of fossils
14. A correlation exists between stress and colds, but stress may NOT
cause the increase in the number of colds. (T or F): True 15. Properties
associated with living organisms: Grow
Move
Reproduce / pass genetic information to offspring
Respond to external stimuli
Metabolize
Maintain homeostasis
16. Describe the structure and function of the plasma membrane: Determines
materials to be allowed in or out It's semi permeable
Encloses all cells
Defines outer boundary
Isolates cell contents from environment
17. Membrane Structure: Fluid properties
Phospholipid bilayer
Embedded Proteins
18. Fluid Properties of Membrane Structure: allow lipids and proteins to slide
laterally
19. Phosopholipid bilayer (membrane structure): Hydrophilic heads maximize
exposure to water
Hydrophobic tails interact with each other, exclude water, make great
membranes
, BIOL 1402 EXAM 1
20. Embedded Proteins (membrane structure): carry out enzymatic functions
serve as receptors for outside substances help transport substances throughout
cell
21. Which organelle is found only in plant cells?: Chloroplast
22. Subcellular Organelles: Cell Wall
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Lysosome
Ribosome
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi apparatus
Cytoskeletal Elements
23. Cell Wall: protection outside the plasma membrane for plants, fungi, bacteria
provides structural support
24. Nucleus: holds chromatin (DNA and proteins) in eukaryotic cells, surrounded
by nuclear envelope
25. Nucleolus: synthesizes ribosomes, inside nucleus
26. Mitochondria: produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration
27. Chloroplast: produces sugars through photosynthesis in plant cells, produce
energy
28. Lysosome: contains digestive enzymes to recycle molecules
29. Ribosomes: assemble proteins, free floating, or attached to ER
30. Rough ER: membrane network with ribosomes attached for protein synthesis
31. Smooth ER: involved in lipid synthesis (Detoxification), lacks ribosomes
32. Golgi apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
Its like a zipcode
33. Cytoskeletal Elements: form cytoskeleton for maintaining shape and
structural supports - microfilaments
- intermediate filaments
- microtubules
1. Characteristics of a Scientific Hypothesis: testable and falsifiable
2. Compare and Contrast the terms scientific hypothesis and scientific
theory: Hypothesis:
- a proposed explanation for a single observation - it is testable and falsifiable
Scientific Theory:
- powerful, broad explanation for related observations
- these are based on hypotheses
- supported by research
3. Inductive Reasoning versus Deductive Reasoning: Inductive reasoning:
combining specific observations to general principles (formulating)
Deductive reasoning:
general principle to predict observations (predicting)
4. Explain why the truth of a hypothesis cannot be proven conclusively via
deductive reasoning.: ?
5. Features of a controlled experiment: - tests effect of a single variable
- limits possible alternate hypotheses
- the differences in results should be due to treatment
6. Strategies for minimizing bias when designing experiments: Blind studies
where participant knowledge is limited
Double Blind Studies where both researchers and participants knowledge is
limited
7. Define correlation
Explain the benefits and limitations of using this technique to test
hypotheses: Correlation: connection or relationship between 2 or more things
Used when controlled on humans may be impossible, dangerous, or unethical
8. Information that statistical tests provide: ?
9. Compare and contrast primary and secondary sources: Primary source:
- original research
- peer reviewed by other scientists before publication
,Secondary source:
- story about the original research
- books, news reports, ads
10. What is a proposed explanation for a single observation?: Hypothesis
11. Is this a testable statement? Colds are caused by differences in personal
auras.: No
12. Hypothesis: Vitamin C prevents colds. Why is it impossible to say that
this hypothesis is true?: Alternative hypotheses might be possible.
13. Hypotheses need to be tested with laboratory experiments. (T or F):
False
Some may be tested by observations of fossils
14. A correlation exists between stress and colds, but stress may NOT
cause the increase in the number of colds. (T or F): True 15. Properties
associated with living organisms: Grow
Move
Reproduce / pass genetic information to offspring
Respond to external stimuli
Metabolize
Maintain homeostasis
16. Describe the structure and function of the plasma membrane: Determines
materials to be allowed in or out It's semi permeable
Encloses all cells
Defines outer boundary
Isolates cell contents from environment
17. Membrane Structure: Fluid properties
Phospholipid bilayer
Embedded Proteins
18. Fluid Properties of Membrane Structure: allow lipids and proteins to slide
laterally
19. Phosopholipid bilayer (membrane structure): Hydrophilic heads maximize
exposure to water
Hydrophobic tails interact with each other, exclude water, make great
membranes
, BIOL 1402 EXAM 1
20. Embedded Proteins (membrane structure): carry out enzymatic functions
serve as receptors for outside substances help transport substances throughout
cell
21. Which organelle is found only in plant cells?: Chloroplast
22. Subcellular Organelles: Cell Wall
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Lysosome
Ribosome
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi apparatus
Cytoskeletal Elements
23. Cell Wall: protection outside the plasma membrane for plants, fungi, bacteria
provides structural support
24. Nucleus: holds chromatin (DNA and proteins) in eukaryotic cells, surrounded
by nuclear envelope
25. Nucleolus: synthesizes ribosomes, inside nucleus
26. Mitochondria: produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration
27. Chloroplast: produces sugars through photosynthesis in plant cells, produce
energy
28. Lysosome: contains digestive enzymes to recycle molecules
29. Ribosomes: assemble proteins, free floating, or attached to ER
30. Rough ER: membrane network with ribosomes attached for protein synthesis
31. Smooth ER: involved in lipid synthesis (Detoxification), lacks ribosomes
32. Golgi apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
Its like a zipcode
33. Cytoskeletal Elements: form cytoskeleton for maintaining shape and
structural supports - microfilaments
- intermediate filaments
- microtubules
