NTRI 2000 Chapter 2 Summary

NTRI 2000 Chapter 2 Summary

LO 2.1 State the significance of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) and Daily Values as nutrient
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standards. -
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Nutrient Recommendations - Sets of standards against which people's nutrient and energy
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intakes can be measured. Used by nutrition experts to assess intakes and offer advice on
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amounts to consume.
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Dietary Reference Intakes - Dietary standards developed (and updated) by a committee of
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nutrition experts from the US and Canada. Sets values for all of the vitamins and minerals, as
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well as for carbohydrates, fiber, lipids, protein, water, and energy. Includes five sets of values:
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1. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) - the average daily nutrient intake level that meets
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the needs of nearly all healthy people in a particular life stage and gender group (firmly
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founded in science)
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2. Adequate Intakes (AI) - Similar to RDA but set when scientific data are insufficient to allow
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establishment of an RDA value.
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3. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) - the highest average daily nutrient intake levels that is
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likely to pose no risk of toxicity to almost all healthy individuals of a particular life stage and
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gender group
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4. Estimated Average Requirements - the average daily nutrient intake estimated to meet the
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requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group; is
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used in nutrition research and policy making and is the basis upon which RDA values are set
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5. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) - ranges of intakes set for the energy-
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yielding nutrients that are sufficient to provide adequate total energy and nutrients while
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minimizing the risk of chronic diseases (carbs - 45-65%; fat - 20-35%; protein 10-35%)
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The DRI recommended intakes are a combination of the RDA and AI values. They are based
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on scientific data and generously cover the needs of VIRTUALLY all healthy people in the U.S.
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and Canada
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Daily Values - Nutrient standards used on food labels to allow consumers to compare foods
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with regard to nutrients and caloric content. Reflect the highest level of nutrient need among
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, HH all population groups (much higher than needed for some). The DRI isn't used because it's too
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H HH much information to print on a package.
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Balance study - A laboratory study in which a person is fed a controlled diet and the intake
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and excretion of a nutrient are measured. Used to determine a requirement to achieve
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balance for the tested nutrient
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Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) - The average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain
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energy balance (maintain weight) in a healthy adult of a certain age, gender, weight, height,
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and level of physical activity consistent with good health. NOT generous for who it applies to.
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Harris-Benedict Equation for Estimating Energy Requirements - Basal Metabolic Rate (A
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minimum number of calories required for basic functions at rest) = (10 x weight in kg) +
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(6.25 x height in cm) - (5 x age in years); males then add 5 and females subtract 161
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Total Energy Expenditure (TEE):
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- Sedentary: light activity = BMR x 1.53
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- Moderate activity = BMR x 1.76
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- High activity = BMR x 2.25
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LO 2.2 Specify how the Dietary Guidelines for Americans work as part of an overall U.S.
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dietary guidance system. -
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The Dietary Guidelines for Americans - Food-based strategies for achieving the DRI values
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published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture; they address problems of undernutrition and
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overnutrition and recommend following a healthful eating pattern and being physically active
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LO 2.3 Explain the use of the USDA Eating Patterns to plan a nutritious diet. -
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USDA Eating Patterns - A diet-planning tool that sort foods into groups based on their nutrient
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content and then specifies that people should eat certain minimum numbers of servings of
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foods from each group; used to help people achieve the goals of the Dietary Guidelines for
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Americans
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