ADVANCED ASSESSMENT: INTERPRETING FINDINGS AND FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 5th Edition by Goolsby test bank is not a book but rather exam practice questions and answers

Test Bank for Advanced Assessment: Interpreting Findings
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and Formulating Differential Diagnoses, 5th Edition, Mary
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bm JoGoolsby, Laurie Grubbs Chapter 1 - 22 | Complete
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,Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
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Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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bm 1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
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A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

bm 2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
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A. Methodical and systematic bm bm


B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
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C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
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D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
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Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
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bm 3. A. Chief complaint bm


B. History of the present illness bm bm bm bm


C. Current vital signs bm bm


D. All of the above are essential history components
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Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner
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bm 4. must beable to:
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A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings bm bm bm bm bm


B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
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C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
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D. Foresee unpredictable findings bm bm




The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
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bm 5. A. Evidence-based investigations bm


B. Primary reports of research bm bm bm


C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience bm bm bm bm bm


D. Published meta-analyses bm




The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
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bm 6. A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article
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B. Clinical practice guidelines bm bm


C. Evidence-based research bm


D. All of the above bm bm bm




If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
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A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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bm 7. B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
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D. None of the above bm bm bm

,bm 8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
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A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
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D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
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bm 9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
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A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
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B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
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C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
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D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
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bm bm bm b m 10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource
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bmbased on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select
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bmsituations, settings, and/orpatients?
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A. Clinical practice bm


B. guidelineClinical
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C. decision rule Clinical
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D. algorithm Clinical
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recommendation
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, Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making:
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Answer Section
Overview
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
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1. ANS: B b m


Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making:
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intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-making)
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is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and
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paired with fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision-making is based on
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careful consideration and has greater reliabilitywith rare errors.
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PTS: 1
2. ANS: D b m


To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s
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verbal andnonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
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to questions. Rather than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas
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of uncertainty.
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PTS: 1
3. ANS: C b m


Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the
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healthhistory.
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PTS: 1
4. ANS: D b m


While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate
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betweennormal and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions,
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including their associated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect
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the response to other conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal
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findings.
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PTS: 1
5. ANS: C b m


Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and
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published meta-analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most
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widely used and available for application to the reasoning process, is the estimation
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based on a provider’s experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past
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decade, the availability of evidence on which to base clinical reasoning is improving,
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and there is an increasing expectation that clinical reasoningbe based on scientific
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evidence. Evidence-based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop
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resources to facilitate clinical decision-making.
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PTS: 1
6. ANS: D b m


To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-based resources have been
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developedto assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and clinical practice
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guidelines, assist in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
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