APEA 3P EXAM PREP3 NEPHROLOGY
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS 2025 - 2026
A,73-year-
old,male,patient,reports,that,he,is,experiencing,a,weakened,ur
inary,stream,,urinary,frequency,,and,urgency.,He,is,waking,up
,once,or,twice,nightly,to,urinate.,How,should,the,nurse,practitio
ner,proceed?,
Digital,rectal,exam,(DRE),only,
DRE,,urinalysis,,PSA,
PSA,only,
PSA,,DRE,,BUN,,Cr,
Many,tests,can,be,used,to,evaluate,an,older,patient,with,susp
ected,benign,prostatic,hypertrophy,(BPH).,The,value,of,digita
l,rectal,exam,(DRE),is,to,evaluate,the,size,,consistency,and,a
ssess,for,malignancy,of,the,prostate,gland.,Urinalysis,is,done
,to,detect,blood,or,infection,,but,hematuria,is,common,in,patie
nts,with,BPH.,The,prostate,specific,antigen,(PSA),is,done,as,
,a,screening,test,for,prostate,cancer,in,symptomatic,men.,Thi
s,patient,has,multiple,symptoms,which,could,indicate,patholo
gy,in,the,prostate,gland,as,the,etiology,of,his,symptoms,(wea
kened,urinary,stream,,urinary,frequency,and,urgency,,and,no
cturia).,A,serum,creatinine,can,be,part,of,the,initial,screening.,
This,would,help,identify,bladder,outlet,obstruction,,renal,,or,p
re-
renal,disease.,A,blood,urea,nitrogen,(BUN),is,not,necessary,t
o,evaluate,this,patient's,symptoms.,
Ciprofloxacin,given,to,treat,a,urinary,tract,infection,would,be,c
ontraindicated,in,a:,
pregnant,patient.,19-
year-old,female.,
patient,with,hypertension.,p
atient,with,pyelonephritis.,
Ciprofloxacin,is,a,quinolone,antibiotic,and,is,contraindicated,
in,patients,who,are,pregnant,or,younger,than,18,years,old,be
cause,of,potential,problems,with,bone,and,cartilage,formatio
n.,There,is,no,
contraindication,in,a,patient,with,hypertension.,A,quinolone,
might,be,a,good,choice,in,a,patient,with,pyelonephritis,and,w
ould,not,be,contraindicated.,
An,example,of,a,drug,that,targets,the,renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone,system,is,a(n):,
, ACE,inhibitor.,beta,bl
ocker.,calcium,chan
nel,blocker.,diuretic.,
Examples,of,drugs,that,target,the,renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone,system,are,angiotensin-
converting,enzyme,(ACE),inhibitors,and,angiotensin,recepto
r,blockers,(ARBs).,These,drugs,are,particularly,beneficial,to,p
atients,with,diabetic,nephropathy,because,they,may,prevent,
and,treat,diabetic,nephropathy.,Additionally,,these,agents,lo
wer,blood,pressure,,which,has,been,shown,to,be,renoprotect
ive.,Management,of,glucose,levels,and,hypertension,is,espe
cially,important,in,preventing,diabetic,nephropathy,,but,so,is,
aggressive,management,of,hyperlipidemia.,
Testicular,torsion,can,pro
duce:,penile,erythema.,sc
rotal,edema.,scrotal,eryth
ema.,penile,edema.,
Testicular,torsion,is,an,emergency,because,the,testicle,is,de
prived,of,normal,blood,supply.,If,blood,supply,is,not,reestablis
hed,within,12,hours,,irreversible,damage,is,certain,to,occur.,I
deally,,ischemia,is,resolved,within,4-
6,hours.,The,penis,is,not,affected,during,testicular,torsion.,Be
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS 2025 - 2026
A,73-year-
old,male,patient,reports,that,he,is,experiencing,a,weakened,ur
inary,stream,,urinary,frequency,,and,urgency.,He,is,waking,up
,once,or,twice,nightly,to,urinate.,How,should,the,nurse,practitio
ner,proceed?,
Digital,rectal,exam,(DRE),only,
DRE,,urinalysis,,PSA,
PSA,only,
PSA,,DRE,,BUN,,Cr,
Many,tests,can,be,used,to,evaluate,an,older,patient,with,susp
ected,benign,prostatic,hypertrophy,(BPH).,The,value,of,digita
l,rectal,exam,(DRE),is,to,evaluate,the,size,,consistency,and,a
ssess,for,malignancy,of,the,prostate,gland.,Urinalysis,is,done
,to,detect,blood,or,infection,,but,hematuria,is,common,in,patie
nts,with,BPH.,The,prostate,specific,antigen,(PSA),is,done,as,
,a,screening,test,for,prostate,cancer,in,symptomatic,men.,Thi
s,patient,has,multiple,symptoms,which,could,indicate,patholo
gy,in,the,prostate,gland,as,the,etiology,of,his,symptoms,(wea
kened,urinary,stream,,urinary,frequency,and,urgency,,and,no
cturia).,A,serum,creatinine,can,be,part,of,the,initial,screening.,
This,would,help,identify,bladder,outlet,obstruction,,renal,,or,p
re-
renal,disease.,A,blood,urea,nitrogen,(BUN),is,not,necessary,t
o,evaluate,this,patient's,symptoms.,
Ciprofloxacin,given,to,treat,a,urinary,tract,infection,would,be,c
ontraindicated,in,a:,
pregnant,patient.,19-
year-old,female.,
patient,with,hypertension.,p
atient,with,pyelonephritis.,
Ciprofloxacin,is,a,quinolone,antibiotic,and,is,contraindicated,
in,patients,who,are,pregnant,or,younger,than,18,years,old,be
cause,of,potential,problems,with,bone,and,cartilage,formatio
n.,There,is,no,
contraindication,in,a,patient,with,hypertension.,A,quinolone,
might,be,a,good,choice,in,a,patient,with,pyelonephritis,and,w
ould,not,be,contraindicated.,
An,example,of,a,drug,that,targets,the,renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone,system,is,a(n):,
, ACE,inhibitor.,beta,bl
ocker.,calcium,chan
nel,blocker.,diuretic.,
Examples,of,drugs,that,target,the,renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone,system,are,angiotensin-
converting,enzyme,(ACE),inhibitors,and,angiotensin,recepto
r,blockers,(ARBs).,These,drugs,are,particularly,beneficial,to,p
atients,with,diabetic,nephropathy,because,they,may,prevent,
and,treat,diabetic,nephropathy.,Additionally,,these,agents,lo
wer,blood,pressure,,which,has,been,shown,to,be,renoprotect
ive.,Management,of,glucose,levels,and,hypertension,is,espe
cially,important,in,preventing,diabetic,nephropathy,,but,so,is,
aggressive,management,of,hyperlipidemia.,
Testicular,torsion,can,pro
duce:,penile,erythema.,sc
rotal,edema.,scrotal,eryth
ema.,penile,edema.,
Testicular,torsion,is,an,emergency,because,the,testicle,is,de
prived,of,normal,blood,supply.,If,blood,supply,is,not,reestablis
hed,within,12,hours,,irreversible,damage,is,certain,to,occur.,I
deally,,ischemia,is,resolved,within,4-
6,hours.,The,penis,is,not,affected,during,testicular,torsion.,Be
