Hondros HESI (Entrance Exam) 2024/2025
What are the most abundant elements of the human body? - ANSWER Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
90% of the human body is composed of just four elements which are: - ANSWER Carbon,
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of the element is called: - ANSWER
Atom
Subatomic particles are: - ANSWER Protons (positive), Neutrons (neutral) and Electrons (negative)
All matter is composed of basic substances called - ANSWER Elements
An atom that tells you how many protons an atom has is called: - ANSWER Atomic Number The number of protons
and neutrons is called: - ANSWER Mass Number
What is isotope? - ANSWER The same element but different number in protons and neutrons-Mass Number
(protons plus neutrons) minus Atomic Number (number of protons) equals the number of neutrons.
What is radioactive isotope? - ANSWER Atom whose nucleus undergoes degeneration and in the process gives
off radiation
What is a molecule? - ANSWER Atoms bonded together to form a chemical unit What is a
compound? - ANSWER Combining different atoms
What is ionic bond? - ANSWER Ions with opposite charges attract
What are ions? - ANSWER Particle that is electrically charged because it has gained or lost one or more eletrons
What is a covalent bonds? - ANSWER Atoms sharing electrons instead of losing or gain them
What is polar bond? - ANSWER Bond created when electrons shared by adjacent atoms are shared unequally
hydrophilic means - ANSWER water-living
Hydrophobic means - ANSWER water-fearing
pg. 1
, Hondros HESI (Entrance Exam) 2024/2025
What is electrolyte? - ANSWER Substances that release ions when puts into water What is pH? - ANSWER
a measure of hydrogen ion concentration
Anterior position - ANSWER a body part is located towards the front (ventral) Posterior
position - ANSWER a body part is located toward the back. (dorsal)
Superior position - ANSWER a body part is located ABOVE another part or towards the head Anatomy - ANSWER
structure as well as its relationship with other structure
Physiology - ANSWER function of the body
Proximal - ANSWER a body part is CLOSER to a specific point of origin or attachment or closer to the trunk
of the body
Distal - ANSWER a body part is FARTHER from the specific point of the origin or attachment Superficial -external -
ANSWER a body part is located near the surface
Deep (internal) - ANSWER a body part is located away from the surface A sagittal plane
(median) cuts the body - ANSWER right down the middle
A frontal plane (coronal) is perpendicular (oppose) so it cuts the body - ANSWER from ear to
ear, from shoulder to shoulder across
A transverse plane cuts the body - ANSWER from the navel in half dividing the superior from the inferior
A group of similar types of cells that performs a specific function is a(n): - ANSWER Tissue
What is the mechanism called which brings about an increasing change in the same direction? Example: child birth -
ANSWER positive feedback
The relative consistency of the body's internal environment is called - ANSWER hemostasis A
group of similar types of cells that performs a specific function is a(n): - ANSWER tissue A
group of two or more types of tissues is a(n): - ANSWER Organ
Structures found WITHIN a cell that perform specific functions are: - ANSWER Organelles
Place the levels of organization in order from least complex to most complex - ANSWER atom, molecule, organelle, cell,
tissue, organ, organ system, organism
The mitochondrion is an example of a(an) - ANSWER Organelle
pg. 2
, Hondros HESI (Entrance Exam) 2024/2025
The nose is to the chin - ANSWER Superior
The muscles are to the skin - ANSWER Deep
The sternum is anterior or to the heart. - ANSWER Ventral What is
the scientific term for the mouth - ANSWER Oral
Identify the plane that would divide the body into left and right sides - ANSWER Sagittal
The plane that divides a body part into anterior and posterior sections is the plane -
ANSWER Frontal (coronal) plane
The cavity that contains the pleural and abdominopelvic cavities is the cavity -
ANSWER Anterior (ventral)
The cavity that contains the pericardial and pleural cavities is the cavity. - ANSWER
Ventral and thoracic
The vertebral canal and cranial cavity is located within the cavity - ANSWER
Posterior, dorsal cavity
The serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity is the - ANSWER visceral pleura The serous
membrane covering the heart is the - ANSWER Parietal pericardium Which of
the following is NOT found in the mediastinum? - ANSWER Lungs
The stomach would lie in the quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity - ANSWER Upper Left
Quadrants
Emily needs to have her gall bladder removed. Her incision would be in the
quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity. - ANSWER Upper Right
Identify the organ system responsible for the production of blood cells - ANSWER Skeletal
System
Identify the organ systems that function in integration and coordination - ANSWER Nervous
and endorine system
When body temperature rises, the body responds by causing sweating and dilation of skin blood vessels. This type of
response is called - ANSWER Negative feedback
What is the mechanism called which brings about an increasing change in the same direction?
- ANSWER Positive feedback
pg. 3
, Hondros HESI (Entrance Exam) 2024/2025
A disease that affects the entire body or involves several organ systems is refereed to as - ANSWER Systemic
The calf is to the knee. - ANSWER Distal-body is FARTHER from attachment
The directional term lateral describes a structure that is: - ANSWER further from the midline The little or
"pinky" finger is to the thumb. - ANSWER medial
The term sural refers to the: - ANSWER Calf
Identify the plane that would divide the body into left and right sides. - ANSWER Sagittal
The vertebral canal and cranial cavity is located within the cavity. - ANSWER
posterior, dorsal, cavity
Identify the two primary cavities within the ventral cavity. - ANSWER thoracic and
abdominopelvic cavities
Emily needs to have her gall bladder removed. Her incision would be in the
quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity - ANSWER Upper right
Plasma Membrane - ANSWER outer surface that regulates entrance and exit of molecules (phospholipid
bilayer that said to be semipermeable) because it allows certain molecules but others to enter the cell.
nucleus is - ANSWER a large, centrally located structure that contains the chromosomes and is the control center
cytoplasm - ANSWER gelatinous like semi-fluid that is between the nucleus and plasma membrane
cytoskeleton - ANSWER maintains cell shape and assists movement of cell parts
Endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER Transports materials within the cell, provides attachment for ribosomes,
and synthesizes
Chromatin - ANSWER Fiber composed of protein and DNA molecules which contains cellular information for
synthesizing proteins
chromosomes - ANSWER rod-like structures that contains genes
Nuclear envelope - ANSWER double membrane that covers the nucleus, the most important function is surround
and contain DNA
Ribosomes - ANSWER particles that carry out protein synthesizes
pg. 4
What are the most abundant elements of the human body? - ANSWER Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
90% of the human body is composed of just four elements which are: - ANSWER Carbon,
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of the element is called: - ANSWER
Atom
Subatomic particles are: - ANSWER Protons (positive), Neutrons (neutral) and Electrons (negative)
All matter is composed of basic substances called - ANSWER Elements
An atom that tells you how many protons an atom has is called: - ANSWER Atomic Number The number of protons
and neutrons is called: - ANSWER Mass Number
What is isotope? - ANSWER The same element but different number in protons and neutrons-Mass Number
(protons plus neutrons) minus Atomic Number (number of protons) equals the number of neutrons.
What is radioactive isotope? - ANSWER Atom whose nucleus undergoes degeneration and in the process gives
off radiation
What is a molecule? - ANSWER Atoms bonded together to form a chemical unit What is a
compound? - ANSWER Combining different atoms
What is ionic bond? - ANSWER Ions with opposite charges attract
What are ions? - ANSWER Particle that is electrically charged because it has gained or lost one or more eletrons
What is a covalent bonds? - ANSWER Atoms sharing electrons instead of losing or gain them
What is polar bond? - ANSWER Bond created when electrons shared by adjacent atoms are shared unequally
hydrophilic means - ANSWER water-living
Hydrophobic means - ANSWER water-fearing
pg. 1
, Hondros HESI (Entrance Exam) 2024/2025
What is electrolyte? - ANSWER Substances that release ions when puts into water What is pH? - ANSWER
a measure of hydrogen ion concentration
Anterior position - ANSWER a body part is located towards the front (ventral) Posterior
position - ANSWER a body part is located toward the back. (dorsal)
Superior position - ANSWER a body part is located ABOVE another part or towards the head Anatomy - ANSWER
structure as well as its relationship with other structure
Physiology - ANSWER function of the body
Proximal - ANSWER a body part is CLOSER to a specific point of origin or attachment or closer to the trunk
of the body
Distal - ANSWER a body part is FARTHER from the specific point of the origin or attachment Superficial -external -
ANSWER a body part is located near the surface
Deep (internal) - ANSWER a body part is located away from the surface A sagittal plane
(median) cuts the body - ANSWER right down the middle
A frontal plane (coronal) is perpendicular (oppose) so it cuts the body - ANSWER from ear to
ear, from shoulder to shoulder across
A transverse plane cuts the body - ANSWER from the navel in half dividing the superior from the inferior
A group of similar types of cells that performs a specific function is a(n): - ANSWER Tissue
What is the mechanism called which brings about an increasing change in the same direction? Example: child birth -
ANSWER positive feedback
The relative consistency of the body's internal environment is called - ANSWER hemostasis A
group of similar types of cells that performs a specific function is a(n): - ANSWER tissue A
group of two or more types of tissues is a(n): - ANSWER Organ
Structures found WITHIN a cell that perform specific functions are: - ANSWER Organelles
Place the levels of organization in order from least complex to most complex - ANSWER atom, molecule, organelle, cell,
tissue, organ, organ system, organism
The mitochondrion is an example of a(an) - ANSWER Organelle
pg. 2
, Hondros HESI (Entrance Exam) 2024/2025
The nose is to the chin - ANSWER Superior
The muscles are to the skin - ANSWER Deep
The sternum is anterior or to the heart. - ANSWER Ventral What is
the scientific term for the mouth - ANSWER Oral
Identify the plane that would divide the body into left and right sides - ANSWER Sagittal
The plane that divides a body part into anterior and posterior sections is the plane -
ANSWER Frontal (coronal) plane
The cavity that contains the pleural and abdominopelvic cavities is the cavity -
ANSWER Anterior (ventral)
The cavity that contains the pericardial and pleural cavities is the cavity. - ANSWER
Ventral and thoracic
The vertebral canal and cranial cavity is located within the cavity - ANSWER
Posterior, dorsal cavity
The serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity is the - ANSWER visceral pleura The serous
membrane covering the heart is the - ANSWER Parietal pericardium Which of
the following is NOT found in the mediastinum? - ANSWER Lungs
The stomach would lie in the quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity - ANSWER Upper Left
Quadrants
Emily needs to have her gall bladder removed. Her incision would be in the
quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity. - ANSWER Upper Right
Identify the organ system responsible for the production of blood cells - ANSWER Skeletal
System
Identify the organ systems that function in integration and coordination - ANSWER Nervous
and endorine system
When body temperature rises, the body responds by causing sweating and dilation of skin blood vessels. This type of
response is called - ANSWER Negative feedback
What is the mechanism called which brings about an increasing change in the same direction?
- ANSWER Positive feedback
pg. 3
, Hondros HESI (Entrance Exam) 2024/2025
A disease that affects the entire body or involves several organ systems is refereed to as - ANSWER Systemic
The calf is to the knee. - ANSWER Distal-body is FARTHER from attachment
The directional term lateral describes a structure that is: - ANSWER further from the midline The little or
"pinky" finger is to the thumb. - ANSWER medial
The term sural refers to the: - ANSWER Calf
Identify the plane that would divide the body into left and right sides. - ANSWER Sagittal
The vertebral canal and cranial cavity is located within the cavity. - ANSWER
posterior, dorsal, cavity
Identify the two primary cavities within the ventral cavity. - ANSWER thoracic and
abdominopelvic cavities
Emily needs to have her gall bladder removed. Her incision would be in the
quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity - ANSWER Upper right
Plasma Membrane - ANSWER outer surface that regulates entrance and exit of molecules (phospholipid
bilayer that said to be semipermeable) because it allows certain molecules but others to enter the cell.
nucleus is - ANSWER a large, centrally located structure that contains the chromosomes and is the control center
cytoplasm - ANSWER gelatinous like semi-fluid that is between the nucleus and plasma membrane
cytoskeleton - ANSWER maintains cell shape and assists movement of cell parts
Endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER Transports materials within the cell, provides attachment for ribosomes,
and synthesizes
Chromatin - ANSWER Fiber composed of protein and DNA molecules which contains cellular information for
synthesizing proteins
chromosomes - ANSWER rod-like structures that contains genes
Nuclear envelope - ANSWER double membrane that covers the nucleus, the most important function is surround
and contain DNA
Ribosomes - ANSWER particles that carry out protein synthesizes
pg. 4
