PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 14-
TEST BANK EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the rationale for vomiting in a patient who has increased intracranial pressure?
A) Chemoreceptors responding to changes in the blood
B) Pressure extending to spinal nerves
C) Pressure on the emetic center in the medulla
D) Stimuli to the hypothalamic center for hunger and thirst - Answer-C
What is the typical change in blood pressure in a patient who has increased intracranial
pressure?
A) Erratic diastolic pressure
B) Decreasing systolic pressure
C) Systolic and diastolic pressures decreasing proportionately
D) Increasing pulse pressure - Answer-D
Which of the following causes papilledema?
A) Increased pressure of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the optic disc
B) Increased intraocular pressure
C) Pressure on the oculomotor nerve
D) Pressure on the optic chiasm - Answer-A
What is the effect of an enlarging brain abscess on cardiovascular activity?
A) Increased heart rate and systemic vasodilation
B) Low blood pressure and irregular heart and respiratory rates
C) Systemic vasoconstriction and slower heart rate
D) Immediate depression of the cardiac control centers - Answer-C
As intracranial pressure rises, the pupil of the eye, ipsilateral to the lesion, becomes
dilated and unresponsive to light because of pressure on the:
A) optic nerve.
B) peripheral nervous system (PNS) fibers in cranial nerve III.
C) sympathetic nervous system (SNS) nerve to the eye.
D) occipital lobe. - Answer-B
Why are focal or generalized seizures sometimes an early indication of a brain tumor?
A) Surrounding inflammation stimulates neurons to discharge spontaneously.
B) Malignant tumors cause alkalosis, exciting the CNS.
C) Systemic effects of the brain tumor may cause seizures.
D) Metabolic effects of cancer change blood chemistry to trigger seizures. - Answer-A
Which of the following is a TRUE statement about transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)?
, A) They usually cause necrosis and permanent brain damage.
B) They may be caused by rupture of an aneurysm or a damaged artery.
C) They usually indicate systemic hypertension.
D) They can warn of potential cerebrovascular accidents. - Answer-D
What is the probable source of an embolus causing a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?
A) Right ventricle of the heart
B) Femoral vein
C) Common carotid artery
D) Pulmonary artery - Answer-C
Collateral circulation is most likely to be present when a CVA results from:
A) rupture of a cerebral artery.
B) an embolus.
C) atherosclerosis.
D) vasospasm in the cerebral circulation. - Answer-C
All of the following apply to CVA EXCEPT:
A) the common cause is an atheroma with thrombus.
B) maximum necrosis and infarction develop within several hours of onset.
C) warning signs may appear with partial obstruction of the artery.
D) increasing neurological deficits usually develop during the first few days. - Answer-B
Signs and symptoms of a stroke depend upon:
A) location of obstruction, size of artery, and area affected.
B) duration of the blockage, distance from the heart, and type of obstruction.
C) health of the victim, area affected, and collateral circulation.
D) size of the obstruction, condition of the heart, and duration of blockage. - Answer-A
In the weeks following CVA, why might some neurological function return?
1. Presence of collateral circulation
2. Immediate therapy to dissolve thrombi and maintain perfusion
3. Reduced inflammation in the area
4. Development of alternative neuronal pathways
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 1, 3
D) 2, 3, 4
E) 1, 2, 3, 4 - Answer-E
In a case of bacterial meningitis, where does swelling and purulent exudate form?
A) In the pia mater, arachnoid, and surface of the entire brain
B) In the dura mater and epidural space
C) At the site of the injury or entry point of the microbes
D) Primarily around the spinal cord - Answer-A
TEST BANK EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the rationale for vomiting in a patient who has increased intracranial pressure?
A) Chemoreceptors responding to changes in the blood
B) Pressure extending to spinal nerves
C) Pressure on the emetic center in the medulla
D) Stimuli to the hypothalamic center for hunger and thirst - Answer-C
What is the typical change in blood pressure in a patient who has increased intracranial
pressure?
A) Erratic diastolic pressure
B) Decreasing systolic pressure
C) Systolic and diastolic pressures decreasing proportionately
D) Increasing pulse pressure - Answer-D
Which of the following causes papilledema?
A) Increased pressure of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the optic disc
B) Increased intraocular pressure
C) Pressure on the oculomotor nerve
D) Pressure on the optic chiasm - Answer-A
What is the effect of an enlarging brain abscess on cardiovascular activity?
A) Increased heart rate and systemic vasodilation
B) Low blood pressure and irregular heart and respiratory rates
C) Systemic vasoconstriction and slower heart rate
D) Immediate depression of the cardiac control centers - Answer-C
As intracranial pressure rises, the pupil of the eye, ipsilateral to the lesion, becomes
dilated and unresponsive to light because of pressure on the:
A) optic nerve.
B) peripheral nervous system (PNS) fibers in cranial nerve III.
C) sympathetic nervous system (SNS) nerve to the eye.
D) occipital lobe. - Answer-B
Why are focal or generalized seizures sometimes an early indication of a brain tumor?
A) Surrounding inflammation stimulates neurons to discharge spontaneously.
B) Malignant tumors cause alkalosis, exciting the CNS.
C) Systemic effects of the brain tumor may cause seizures.
D) Metabolic effects of cancer change blood chemistry to trigger seizures. - Answer-A
Which of the following is a TRUE statement about transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)?
, A) They usually cause necrosis and permanent brain damage.
B) They may be caused by rupture of an aneurysm or a damaged artery.
C) They usually indicate systemic hypertension.
D) They can warn of potential cerebrovascular accidents. - Answer-D
What is the probable source of an embolus causing a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?
A) Right ventricle of the heart
B) Femoral vein
C) Common carotid artery
D) Pulmonary artery - Answer-C
Collateral circulation is most likely to be present when a CVA results from:
A) rupture of a cerebral artery.
B) an embolus.
C) atherosclerosis.
D) vasospasm in the cerebral circulation. - Answer-C
All of the following apply to CVA EXCEPT:
A) the common cause is an atheroma with thrombus.
B) maximum necrosis and infarction develop within several hours of onset.
C) warning signs may appear with partial obstruction of the artery.
D) increasing neurological deficits usually develop during the first few days. - Answer-B
Signs and symptoms of a stroke depend upon:
A) location of obstruction, size of artery, and area affected.
B) duration of the blockage, distance from the heart, and type of obstruction.
C) health of the victim, area affected, and collateral circulation.
D) size of the obstruction, condition of the heart, and duration of blockage. - Answer-A
In the weeks following CVA, why might some neurological function return?
1. Presence of collateral circulation
2. Immediate therapy to dissolve thrombi and maintain perfusion
3. Reduced inflammation in the area
4. Development of alternative neuronal pathways
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 1, 3
D) 2, 3, 4
E) 1, 2, 3, 4 - Answer-E
In a case of bacterial meningitis, where does swelling and purulent exudate form?
A) In the pia mater, arachnoid, and surface of the entire brain
B) In the dura mater and epidural space
C) At the site of the injury or entry point of the microbes
D) Primarily around the spinal cord - Answer-A
