PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER #2-
TEST BANK EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Which of the following causes tetany?
A) Increased permeability of nerve membranes due to low serum calcium
B) Excess calcium ions in skeletal muscle due to excess parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C) Excess calcium ions inside somatic nerves as a result of neoplasms
D) Increased stimulation of the nerves in the cerebral cortex -Answer-A
Which of the following would be considered normal serum pH?
A) 4.5-8
B) 7.0
C) 7.4
D) 8 -Answer-C
When many excess hydrogen ions accumulate in the blood, what happens to serum
pH? The pH:
A) decreases.
B) increases.
C) remains constant.
D) varies based on metabolism. -Answer-A
What is the slowest but most effective control for acid-base balance?
A) Respiratory system
B) Buffer systems in the blood
C) Kidneys
D) Brain -Answer-C
Which of the following is essential in order to maintain serum pH within normal range?
A) Carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion must be present in equal quantities.
B) All excess carbonic acid must be excreted by the kidneys.
C) The concentration of bicarbonate ion must remain constant.
D) The ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate ion must be 1:20. -Answer-D
Which is the correct effect on the body of abnormally slow respirations?
A) Increased carbonic acid
B) Decreased carbonic acid
C) Increased bicarbonate ion
D) Decreased bicarbonate ion -Answer-A
Which condition is likely to cause metabolic acidosis?
A) Slow, shallow respirations
, B) Prolonged diarrhea
C) Mild vomiting
D) Excessive fluid in the body -Answer-B
What would a serum pH of 7.33 in a patient with kidney disease indicate?
A) Metabolic alkalosis
B) Metabolic acidosis
C) Respiratory alkalosis
D) Respiratory acidosis -Answer-B
Which serum value indicates decompensated metabolic acidosis?
A) pH is below normal range
B) pH is above normal range
C) Bicarbonate level decreases
D) Bicarbonate level increases -Answer-A
What is the effect on blood serum when excessive lactic acid accumulates in the body?
A) Bicarbonate ion levels decrease
B) Bicarbonate ion levels increase
C) Carbonic acid levels increase
D) pH increases -Answer-A
The direct effects of acidosis are manifested primarily in the functioning of the:
A) Digestive system
B) Urinary system
C) Nervous system
D) Respiratory system -Answer-C
Compensation mechanisms in the body for dehydration would include:
A) increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
B) decreased aldosterone.
C) slow, strong heart contraction.
D) peripheral vasodilation. -Answer-A
Which acid-base imbalance results from impaired expiration due to emphysema?
A) Metabolic acidosis
B) Metabolic alkalosis
C) Respiratory acidosis
D) Respiratory alkalosis -Answer-C
In patients with impaired expiration associated with emphysema, effective
compensation for
the acid-base imbalance would be:
A) increased rate and depth of respiration.
B) decreased rate and depth of respiration.
A) increased urine pH and decreased serum bicarbonate.
TEST BANK EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Which of the following causes tetany?
A) Increased permeability of nerve membranes due to low serum calcium
B) Excess calcium ions in skeletal muscle due to excess parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C) Excess calcium ions inside somatic nerves as a result of neoplasms
D) Increased stimulation of the nerves in the cerebral cortex -Answer-A
Which of the following would be considered normal serum pH?
A) 4.5-8
B) 7.0
C) 7.4
D) 8 -Answer-C
When many excess hydrogen ions accumulate in the blood, what happens to serum
pH? The pH:
A) decreases.
B) increases.
C) remains constant.
D) varies based on metabolism. -Answer-A
What is the slowest but most effective control for acid-base balance?
A) Respiratory system
B) Buffer systems in the blood
C) Kidneys
D) Brain -Answer-C
Which of the following is essential in order to maintain serum pH within normal range?
A) Carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion must be present in equal quantities.
B) All excess carbonic acid must be excreted by the kidneys.
C) The concentration of bicarbonate ion must remain constant.
D) The ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate ion must be 1:20. -Answer-D
Which is the correct effect on the body of abnormally slow respirations?
A) Increased carbonic acid
B) Decreased carbonic acid
C) Increased bicarbonate ion
D) Decreased bicarbonate ion -Answer-A
Which condition is likely to cause metabolic acidosis?
A) Slow, shallow respirations
, B) Prolonged diarrhea
C) Mild vomiting
D) Excessive fluid in the body -Answer-B
What would a serum pH of 7.33 in a patient with kidney disease indicate?
A) Metabolic alkalosis
B) Metabolic acidosis
C) Respiratory alkalosis
D) Respiratory acidosis -Answer-B
Which serum value indicates decompensated metabolic acidosis?
A) pH is below normal range
B) pH is above normal range
C) Bicarbonate level decreases
D) Bicarbonate level increases -Answer-A
What is the effect on blood serum when excessive lactic acid accumulates in the body?
A) Bicarbonate ion levels decrease
B) Bicarbonate ion levels increase
C) Carbonic acid levels increase
D) pH increases -Answer-A
The direct effects of acidosis are manifested primarily in the functioning of the:
A) Digestive system
B) Urinary system
C) Nervous system
D) Respiratory system -Answer-C
Compensation mechanisms in the body for dehydration would include:
A) increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
B) decreased aldosterone.
C) slow, strong heart contraction.
D) peripheral vasodilation. -Answer-A
Which acid-base imbalance results from impaired expiration due to emphysema?
A) Metabolic acidosis
B) Metabolic alkalosis
C) Respiratory acidosis
D) Respiratory alkalosis -Answer-C
In patients with impaired expiration associated with emphysema, effective
compensation for
the acid-base imbalance would be:
A) increased rate and depth of respiration.
B) decreased rate and depth of respiration.
A) increased urine pH and decreased serum bicarbonate.
