PATHOLOGY CHAPTER 2 EXAM
REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
A screening chest radiograph of an asymptomatic 37-year-old man shows a 3-cm
nodule in the middle lobe of his right lung. The nodule is excised with a pulmonary
wedge resection, and sectioning shows a sharply circumscribed mass with a soft, white
center. The microscopic appearance is shown in the figure. The serum interferon
gamma release assay is positive. Which of the following pathologic processes has most
likely occurred in this nodule? - Answer-Caseous necrosis
An experimental drug administered to a tissue preparation is found to inhibit cellular
oxidative phosphorylation when given in high doses, and ATP production drops to 5% of
normal. Cell membrane function is diminished. Which of the following substances is
most likely to be present at increased concentration in culture fluid bathing the tissue? -
Answer-Potassium
A 47-year-old woman has poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and develops coronary
artery disease. She now has decreasing cardiac output with blood pressure of 80/40
mm Hg and ejection fraction of 18%. An increase in which of the following substances in
her blood is most indicative of reversible cell injury from decreased systemic arterial
perfusion of multiple organs and tissues? - Answer-Lactic acid
A tissue preparation is experimentally subjected to a hypoxic environment. The cells in
this tissue begin to swell, and chromatin begins to clump in cell nuclei. ATPases are
activated, and ATP production decreases. Which of the following ions accumulating in
mitochondria and the cytosol contributes most to these findings and to eventual cell
death? - Answer-Ca2+
In an experiment, a large amount of a drug is administered to experimental organisms
and is converted by cytochrome P-450 to a toxic metabolite. Accumulation of this
metabolite leads to increased intracellular lipid peroxidation. Depletion of which of the
following intracellular substances within the cytosol exacerbates this form of cellular
injury by this mechanism? - Answer-Glutathione
In an experiment, metabolically active cells are subjected to radiant energy in the form
of x-rays. This results in cell injury caused by hydrolysis of water. Which of the following
intracellular enzymes helps to protect the cells from this type of injury? - Answer-
Glutathione peroxidase
A 5-year-old child ingests 50 iron tablets, each with 27 mg of iron. Within 6 hours the
child develops abdominal pain and lethargy. On physical examination he is hypotensive.
Laboratory studies show metabolic acidosis. Through formation of which of the following
compounds is the cell injury in this child most likely mediated? - Answer-Hydroxyl
radical
REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
A screening chest radiograph of an asymptomatic 37-year-old man shows a 3-cm
nodule in the middle lobe of his right lung. The nodule is excised with a pulmonary
wedge resection, and sectioning shows a sharply circumscribed mass with a soft, white
center. The microscopic appearance is shown in the figure. The serum interferon
gamma release assay is positive. Which of the following pathologic processes has most
likely occurred in this nodule? - Answer-Caseous necrosis
An experimental drug administered to a tissue preparation is found to inhibit cellular
oxidative phosphorylation when given in high doses, and ATP production drops to 5% of
normal. Cell membrane function is diminished. Which of the following substances is
most likely to be present at increased concentration in culture fluid bathing the tissue? -
Answer-Potassium
A 47-year-old woman has poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and develops coronary
artery disease. She now has decreasing cardiac output with blood pressure of 80/40
mm Hg and ejection fraction of 18%. An increase in which of the following substances in
her blood is most indicative of reversible cell injury from decreased systemic arterial
perfusion of multiple organs and tissues? - Answer-Lactic acid
A tissue preparation is experimentally subjected to a hypoxic environment. The cells in
this tissue begin to swell, and chromatin begins to clump in cell nuclei. ATPases are
activated, and ATP production decreases. Which of the following ions accumulating in
mitochondria and the cytosol contributes most to these findings and to eventual cell
death? - Answer-Ca2+
In an experiment, a large amount of a drug is administered to experimental organisms
and is converted by cytochrome P-450 to a toxic metabolite. Accumulation of this
metabolite leads to increased intracellular lipid peroxidation. Depletion of which of the
following intracellular substances within the cytosol exacerbates this form of cellular
injury by this mechanism? - Answer-Glutathione
In an experiment, metabolically active cells are subjected to radiant energy in the form
of x-rays. This results in cell injury caused by hydrolysis of water. Which of the following
intracellular enzymes helps to protect the cells from this type of injury? - Answer-
Glutathione peroxidase
A 5-year-old child ingests 50 iron tablets, each with 27 mg of iron. Within 6 hours the
child develops abdominal pain and lethargy. On physical examination he is hypotensive.
Laboratory studies show metabolic acidosis. Through formation of which of the following
compounds is the cell injury in this child most likely mediated? - Answer-Hydroxyl
radical
