UTMB HA Exam Final Exam Question/Answers Graded A+
2025/2026
culture - complex phenomenon that includes attitudes, beliefs, self-definitions, norms,
roles and values
much of culture is transmitted - nonverbally through socialization or enculturation
- the process of being raised within a culture and acquiring the norms, values and
behaviors of that group
culture has 4 basic characteristics - 1. learned from birth through the process of
language acquisition and socialization
2. shared by all members of the same cultural group
3. adapted to specific conditions related to environmental and technical factors and to
the availability of natural resources
4. dynamic and ever changing
subcultural groups - Differences within a culture due to ethnicity, religion, education,
occupation, age, and gender; when such groups function within a large culture
race reflects - self identification, and is a social construct referring to a group of people
who share similar physical characteristics
ethnicity - social group that may possess shared traits, such as common geographic
origin, migratory status, religion, values, traditions, symbols, food preferences
ethnic identity - one's self-identification with a particular ethnic group
acculturation - process of adopting the culture/behaviors of the majority culture
acculturative stress - the losses and changes that occur when adjusting to or integrating
a new system of beliefs, routines, and social roles
spirituality - broader term focused on a connection to something larger than oneself and
a belief in transcendence
religion - refers to an organized system of beliefs concerning the cause, nature and
purpose of the universe, as well as attendance of regular services
failure to assess spiritual needs - shown to increase health care costs, esp at end of life,
and unmet spiritual needs can lead to poor outcomes
, biomedical or scientific theory - assumes that all events in life have a cause and effect
germ theory: microorganisms cause specific disease conditions
natural or holistic perspective - American Indians, Asians and others who believe that
human life is only one aspect of nature and a part of the general order of the cosmos
Believe that forces of nature must be kept in natural balance/harmony
yin/yang theory - Asians
health exists when all aspects of the person are in perfect balance
Rooted in Tao- all organisms/objects consist of yin and yang energy forces
Yin= female, negative, darkness, emptiness, cold
Yang=male, positive, warmth, fullness
this theory is basis for eastern or Chinese medicine
Foods in yin/yang theory are classified as - hot and cold
Yin= cold to be eaten with hot illness
Yang= hot to be eaten with cold illness
hot/cold theory - Hispanic, Arab, Asian
Origins in the Ancient Greek humoral theory
4 humors: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile; all regulate the basic bodily functions
and are described in terms of temp, dryness and moisture
Treatment of diseases with hot/cold theory - consists of adding or subtracting hot, cold,
dryness or wetness to restore balance of the humors
Foods, beverages, herbs, medicines and diseases within the hot/cold theory are
classified as hot or cold - according to perceived effects on body, not physical
characteristics
magicoreligious perspective - the world is an arena in which supernatural forces
dominate; fate of world depends on action of supernatural forces for good or evil
cuandero, espiritualista, yerno, patera - hispanic healers
houngan, spiritualist, old lady - black healers
2025/2026
culture - complex phenomenon that includes attitudes, beliefs, self-definitions, norms,
roles and values
much of culture is transmitted - nonverbally through socialization or enculturation
- the process of being raised within a culture and acquiring the norms, values and
behaviors of that group
culture has 4 basic characteristics - 1. learned from birth through the process of
language acquisition and socialization
2. shared by all members of the same cultural group
3. adapted to specific conditions related to environmental and technical factors and to
the availability of natural resources
4. dynamic and ever changing
subcultural groups - Differences within a culture due to ethnicity, religion, education,
occupation, age, and gender; when such groups function within a large culture
race reflects - self identification, and is a social construct referring to a group of people
who share similar physical characteristics
ethnicity - social group that may possess shared traits, such as common geographic
origin, migratory status, religion, values, traditions, symbols, food preferences
ethnic identity - one's self-identification with a particular ethnic group
acculturation - process of adopting the culture/behaviors of the majority culture
acculturative stress - the losses and changes that occur when adjusting to or integrating
a new system of beliefs, routines, and social roles
spirituality - broader term focused on a connection to something larger than oneself and
a belief in transcendence
religion - refers to an organized system of beliefs concerning the cause, nature and
purpose of the universe, as well as attendance of regular services
failure to assess spiritual needs - shown to increase health care costs, esp at end of life,
and unmet spiritual needs can lead to poor outcomes
, biomedical or scientific theory - assumes that all events in life have a cause and effect
germ theory: microorganisms cause specific disease conditions
natural or holistic perspective - American Indians, Asians and others who believe that
human life is only one aspect of nature and a part of the general order of the cosmos
Believe that forces of nature must be kept in natural balance/harmony
yin/yang theory - Asians
health exists when all aspects of the person are in perfect balance
Rooted in Tao- all organisms/objects consist of yin and yang energy forces
Yin= female, negative, darkness, emptiness, cold
Yang=male, positive, warmth, fullness
this theory is basis for eastern or Chinese medicine
Foods in yin/yang theory are classified as - hot and cold
Yin= cold to be eaten with hot illness
Yang= hot to be eaten with cold illness
hot/cold theory - Hispanic, Arab, Asian
Origins in the Ancient Greek humoral theory
4 humors: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile; all regulate the basic bodily functions
and are described in terms of temp, dryness and moisture
Treatment of diseases with hot/cold theory - consists of adding or subtracting hot, cold,
dryness or wetness to restore balance of the humors
Foods, beverages, herbs, medicines and diseases within the hot/cold theory are
classified as hot or cold - according to perceived effects on body, not physical
characteristics
magicoreligious perspective - the world is an arena in which supernatural forces
dominate; fate of world depends on action of supernatural forces for good or evil
cuandero, espiritualista, yerno, patera - hispanic healers
houngan, spiritualist, old lady - black healers
