PATHOLOGY TEST BANK EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH ERIFIED ANSWERS
Passive transport is best described with which statement? - Answer-Being driven by
osmosis, hydrostatic pressure, and diffusion
Active transport occurs across which type of membranes? - Answer-Membranes that
have receptors that are capable of binding with the substances to
be transported
Which method of transport uses transmembrane proteins with receptors with a high
degree of specificity for the substance being transported? - Answer-Mediated
The movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial
fluid surrounding the capillary is an example of which fluid movement process? -
Answer-Hydrostatic pressure
Why is osmolality preferred over osmolarity as the measurement of osmotic activity in
the clinical assessment of individuals? - Answer-More of the weight of plasma is
influenced by solutes, such as protein and glucose, rather than by water.
A patient who has diarrhea receives a 3% saline solution intravenously to replace the
sodium and choridol. what effect will this fluid replacement have on the cells? - Answer-
Shrink
water is pulled out of the cells in hypertonic solution
The transport of glucose from the blood to the cell is accomplished by which process? -
Answer-Passive-mediated transport (facilitated diffusion)
Potassium and sodium are transported across plasma membranes by: - Answer-
Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) enzyme
What occurs during exocytosis? - Answer-Macromolecules can be secreted across
eukaryotic cell membranes.
Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of cells? - Answer-The
resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium.
The cellular uptake of the nutrient cholesterol depends on which process? - Answer-
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential to initiate an action
potential? - Answer-Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential from negative to positive.
,The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells?
- Answer-Connective tissue cells
The role of cytokines in cell reproduction is that they: - Answer-Provide growth factor for
tissue growth and development.
What is the process of cellular reproduction? - Answer-Two diploid cells, called
daughter cells, have been formed.
Which statement is true about eukaryotic cells? - Answer-They contain compartments
called organelles.
Which statement is true about phagocytosis? - Answer-Phagocytosis involves the
ingestion of bacteria.
A muscle cell possesses which specialized function? - Answer-Movement
When a mucous gland cell creates a new substance from previously absorbed material,
this process is known as which specialized cellular function? - Answer-Secretion
All cells are capable of what process? - Answer-Excretion
What are the major chemical components of the cell membranes? (Select all that
apply.)
lipids, sodium ions, carbohydrates, DNA, proteins - Answer-Lipids and proteins
Which cells lose their ability to replicate and divide? (Select all that apply.)
Intestines
Nerves
Skin
Lens of the eye
Skeletal muscle - Answer-Nerves
Lens of the eye
Skeletal muscle
Which statements are true concerning the process of facilitated diffusion? (Select all
that apply).
A- Facilitated diffusion is also referred to as passive mediated transport.
B- This process expends no metabolic energy.
C- Moving solute molecules through cellular membranes are involved in this process.
D-Movement up a concentration gradient is necessary.
E-Facilitated diffusion is the primary means for water transport. - Answer-A B C
Passive transport is dependent on: (Select all that apply.)
A- Semipermeable barrier membrane
,B- The process of osmosis
C- Diffusion as a driving force
D- A living host
E- Hydrostatic pressure - Answer-A, B, C, E
What is the primary function of proteins? (Select all that apply.)
A- Proteins are binding units.
B- Proteins are transport channels.
C- Proteins are ribonucleoproteins.
D- Proteins provide cell surface markers.
E- Proteins are chemical reaction catalysts. - Answer-A, B, D, E
Endoplasmic reticulum - Answer-membrane factory that specializes in the synthesis and
transport of the protein and lipid components of most of cells organelles
Secretory vesicle - Answer-fuses with the plasma membrane to release contents from
the cell
Lysosomes - Answer-function as the intracellular digestive system. capable of digesting
most cellular constituents down to their basic forms, such as amino acids, fatty acids,
and sugars.
Passive mediated transport - Answer-facilitated diffusion.
protein transporter moves solute molecules through cellular membranes without
expending metabolic energy.
Osmosis - Answer-Movement of water.
Active mediated transport - Answer-protein transporter moves molecules up, or against
concentration gradient.
Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of
the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells? -
Answer-Metaplasia
The loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes cells to: -
Answer-Swell because of the influx of sodium chloride (NaCl).
The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of
hormonal: - Answer-Hyperplasia
Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases? -
Answer-Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease
Free radicals cause cell damage by: - Answer-Giving up an electron, which causes
injury to the chemical bonds of the cell
, membrane
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria? - Answer-
Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production.
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury? -
Answer-Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA
synthesis.
Lead causes damage within the cell by interfering with the action of: - Answer-Calcium
Which statement is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis? - Answer-
Programmed cell death of scattered, single cells
Lead poisoning affects the nervous system by: - Answer-Interfering with the function of
neurotransmitters
Carbon monoxide causes tissue damage by: - Answer-Binding to hemoglobin so that it
cannot carry oxygen
Acute alcoholism mainly affects which body system? - Answer-Central nervous
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic pressure occurs within
the cell because: - Answer-Sodium chloride enters the cell.
Which statement is true regarding the difference between subdural hematoma and
epidural hematoma? - Answer-A subdural hematoma is often the result of shaken baby
syndrome, whereas an epidural hematoma rapidly forms as a result of a skull fracture.
What physiologic change occurs during heat exhaustion? - Answer-Hemoconcentration
occurs because of the loss of salt and water.
In hypoxic injury, sodium enters the cell and causes swelling because: - Answer-ATP is
insufficient to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell.
What is the most common site of lipid accumulation? - Answer-Liver
What mechanisms occur in the liver cells as a result of lipid accumulation? - Answer-
Increased synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and decreased synthesis of
apoproteins
Hemoprotein accumulations are a result of the excessive storage of: - Answer-Iron,
which is transferred from the cells to the bloodstream
Hemosiderosis is a condition that results in the excess of what substance being stored
as hemosiderin in cells of many organs and tissues? - Answer-Iron
QUESTIONS WITH ERIFIED ANSWERS
Passive transport is best described with which statement? - Answer-Being driven by
osmosis, hydrostatic pressure, and diffusion
Active transport occurs across which type of membranes? - Answer-Membranes that
have receptors that are capable of binding with the substances to
be transported
Which method of transport uses transmembrane proteins with receptors with a high
degree of specificity for the substance being transported? - Answer-Mediated
The movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial
fluid surrounding the capillary is an example of which fluid movement process? -
Answer-Hydrostatic pressure
Why is osmolality preferred over osmolarity as the measurement of osmotic activity in
the clinical assessment of individuals? - Answer-More of the weight of plasma is
influenced by solutes, such as protein and glucose, rather than by water.
A patient who has diarrhea receives a 3% saline solution intravenously to replace the
sodium and choridol. what effect will this fluid replacement have on the cells? - Answer-
Shrink
water is pulled out of the cells in hypertonic solution
The transport of glucose from the blood to the cell is accomplished by which process? -
Answer-Passive-mediated transport (facilitated diffusion)
Potassium and sodium are transported across plasma membranes by: - Answer-
Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) enzyme
What occurs during exocytosis? - Answer-Macromolecules can be secreted across
eukaryotic cell membranes.
Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of cells? - Answer-The
resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium.
The cellular uptake of the nutrient cholesterol depends on which process? - Answer-
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential to initiate an action
potential? - Answer-Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential from negative to positive.
,The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells?
- Answer-Connective tissue cells
The role of cytokines in cell reproduction is that they: - Answer-Provide growth factor for
tissue growth and development.
What is the process of cellular reproduction? - Answer-Two diploid cells, called
daughter cells, have been formed.
Which statement is true about eukaryotic cells? - Answer-They contain compartments
called organelles.
Which statement is true about phagocytosis? - Answer-Phagocytosis involves the
ingestion of bacteria.
A muscle cell possesses which specialized function? - Answer-Movement
When a mucous gland cell creates a new substance from previously absorbed material,
this process is known as which specialized cellular function? - Answer-Secretion
All cells are capable of what process? - Answer-Excretion
What are the major chemical components of the cell membranes? (Select all that
apply.)
lipids, sodium ions, carbohydrates, DNA, proteins - Answer-Lipids and proteins
Which cells lose their ability to replicate and divide? (Select all that apply.)
Intestines
Nerves
Skin
Lens of the eye
Skeletal muscle - Answer-Nerves
Lens of the eye
Skeletal muscle
Which statements are true concerning the process of facilitated diffusion? (Select all
that apply).
A- Facilitated diffusion is also referred to as passive mediated transport.
B- This process expends no metabolic energy.
C- Moving solute molecules through cellular membranes are involved in this process.
D-Movement up a concentration gradient is necessary.
E-Facilitated diffusion is the primary means for water transport. - Answer-A B C
Passive transport is dependent on: (Select all that apply.)
A- Semipermeable barrier membrane
,B- The process of osmosis
C- Diffusion as a driving force
D- A living host
E- Hydrostatic pressure - Answer-A, B, C, E
What is the primary function of proteins? (Select all that apply.)
A- Proteins are binding units.
B- Proteins are transport channels.
C- Proteins are ribonucleoproteins.
D- Proteins provide cell surface markers.
E- Proteins are chemical reaction catalysts. - Answer-A, B, D, E
Endoplasmic reticulum - Answer-membrane factory that specializes in the synthesis and
transport of the protein and lipid components of most of cells organelles
Secretory vesicle - Answer-fuses with the plasma membrane to release contents from
the cell
Lysosomes - Answer-function as the intracellular digestive system. capable of digesting
most cellular constituents down to their basic forms, such as amino acids, fatty acids,
and sugars.
Passive mediated transport - Answer-facilitated diffusion.
protein transporter moves solute molecules through cellular membranes without
expending metabolic energy.
Osmosis - Answer-Movement of water.
Active mediated transport - Answer-protein transporter moves molecules up, or against
concentration gradient.
Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of
the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells? -
Answer-Metaplasia
The loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes cells to: -
Answer-Swell because of the influx of sodium chloride (NaCl).
The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of
hormonal: - Answer-Hyperplasia
Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases? -
Answer-Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease
Free radicals cause cell damage by: - Answer-Giving up an electron, which causes
injury to the chemical bonds of the cell
, membrane
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria? - Answer-
Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production.
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury? -
Answer-Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA
synthesis.
Lead causes damage within the cell by interfering with the action of: - Answer-Calcium
Which statement is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis? - Answer-
Programmed cell death of scattered, single cells
Lead poisoning affects the nervous system by: - Answer-Interfering with the function of
neurotransmitters
Carbon monoxide causes tissue damage by: - Answer-Binding to hemoglobin so that it
cannot carry oxygen
Acute alcoholism mainly affects which body system? - Answer-Central nervous
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic pressure occurs within
the cell because: - Answer-Sodium chloride enters the cell.
Which statement is true regarding the difference between subdural hematoma and
epidural hematoma? - Answer-A subdural hematoma is often the result of shaken baby
syndrome, whereas an epidural hematoma rapidly forms as a result of a skull fracture.
What physiologic change occurs during heat exhaustion? - Answer-Hemoconcentration
occurs because of the loss of salt and water.
In hypoxic injury, sodium enters the cell and causes swelling because: - Answer-ATP is
insufficient to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell.
What is the most common site of lipid accumulation? - Answer-Liver
What mechanisms occur in the liver cells as a result of lipid accumulation? - Answer-
Increased synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and decreased synthesis of
apoproteins
Hemoprotein accumulations are a result of the excessive storage of: - Answer-Iron,
which is transferred from the cells to the bloodstream
Hemosiderosis is a condition that results in the excess of what substance being stored
as hemosiderin in cells of many organs and tissues? - Answer-Iron
