Paramedic FISDAP Trauma V2
Subcutaneous emphysema
A physical finding of air within the subcutaneous tissue, described as a crackling or
popping feeling under the skin
Disseminating Intravascular Coagulation
A pathological process characterized by the widespread activation of the clotting
cascade that results in the formation of blood clots in the small vessels throughout the
body. Interferes with the body's ability to use fibrin for clotting when its actually needed
thus increasing the chances of severe hemorrhage
Disseminating intravascular coagulation is most commonly caused by?
Sepsis, tumors, and trauma
Also referred to as a traumatic dissection or rupture of the aorta
Transected aorta
Transected aorta
Shear forces cause the layers of the aorta to separate allowing blood to enter, this
increases the pressure within the artery causing it to begin to dissect
Signs and symptoms of a transected aorta
Severe hypotension
Severe tearing chest pain that may radiate to the back
Difference in pulses in the left/ right upper extremities or weak pulses in the lower
extremities
Rhabdomyolysis
Acute destruction of skeletal muscle
Occurs when crush syndrome causes skeletal muscle to undergo necrosis and cellular
changes causing it to begin degeneration
Rhabdomyolysis
, Kehr's sign
Referred pain to the left shoulder caused by a ruptured spleen
Obstructive shock
The heart and vessels are working but oxygenated blood is not being delivered
adequately due to an obstruction
Common causes of obstructive shock
Cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism
Distributive shock
Lack of vascular tone or major vasodilation hinders the ability of blood to perfuse
through the body (the pipes are too big)
Common causes of distributive shock
Sepsis, anaphylaxis, neurological/ spinal trauma, toxic exposure
Hypovolemic shock
Any significant reduction in the volume of the cardiovascular system
Common causes of hypovolemic shock
Hemorrhage, severe burns, fluid/ electrolyte loss (vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, excessive
urination), and "third spacing" of fluid that can occur in severe pancreatitis or ascites of
the liver
Neurogenic shock
Due to the loss of sympathetic tone from a spinal cord injury, the "message" to constrict
is no longer being sent to the smooth muscle in the vascular system
Cushing's Triad
Bradycardia, widening pulse pressures, and irregular respirations (Cheyenne-Stokes)
Cardiogenic shock
Subcutaneous emphysema
A physical finding of air within the subcutaneous tissue, described as a crackling or
popping feeling under the skin
Disseminating Intravascular Coagulation
A pathological process characterized by the widespread activation of the clotting
cascade that results in the formation of blood clots in the small vessels throughout the
body. Interferes with the body's ability to use fibrin for clotting when its actually needed
thus increasing the chances of severe hemorrhage
Disseminating intravascular coagulation is most commonly caused by?
Sepsis, tumors, and trauma
Also referred to as a traumatic dissection or rupture of the aorta
Transected aorta
Transected aorta
Shear forces cause the layers of the aorta to separate allowing blood to enter, this
increases the pressure within the artery causing it to begin to dissect
Signs and symptoms of a transected aorta
Severe hypotension
Severe tearing chest pain that may radiate to the back
Difference in pulses in the left/ right upper extremities or weak pulses in the lower
extremities
Rhabdomyolysis
Acute destruction of skeletal muscle
Occurs when crush syndrome causes skeletal muscle to undergo necrosis and cellular
changes causing it to begin degeneration
Rhabdomyolysis
, Kehr's sign
Referred pain to the left shoulder caused by a ruptured spleen
Obstructive shock
The heart and vessels are working but oxygenated blood is not being delivered
adequately due to an obstruction
Common causes of obstructive shock
Cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism
Distributive shock
Lack of vascular tone or major vasodilation hinders the ability of blood to perfuse
through the body (the pipes are too big)
Common causes of distributive shock
Sepsis, anaphylaxis, neurological/ spinal trauma, toxic exposure
Hypovolemic shock
Any significant reduction in the volume of the cardiovascular system
Common causes of hypovolemic shock
Hemorrhage, severe burns, fluid/ electrolyte loss (vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, excessive
urination), and "third spacing" of fluid that can occur in severe pancreatitis or ascites of
the liver
Neurogenic shock
Due to the loss of sympathetic tone from a spinal cord injury, the "message" to constrict
is no longer being sent to the smooth muscle in the vascular system
Cushing's Triad
Bradycardia, widening pulse pressures, and irregular respirations (Cheyenne-Stokes)
Cardiogenic shock
