Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology:
Introductory Concepts and Clinical Perspectives
3rd Edition by (Capriotti), Chapter 1 - 46 >
Download as Pdf File
Isotonic IV solution
Bloodstream volume expander
0.9 % same as blood no solute movement
TX: med administration and blood transfusion
Hypotonic IV solution
Adds solvent to bloodstream
0.45% half normal saline
TX: dehydration
Hypertonic IV solution
Adds solutes to bloodstream
,3%
TX: cerebral edema, Mannitol
Fluid volume deficit
"dehydration" reduced fluid intake or excess fluid loss.
S/S hypovolemia, tachy, hypotension, fever
H20 follows Na+
Fluid volume overload
"edema" heart failure and cycling RAAS
S/S crackles, ascites, increases weight, dyspnea
2 lbs/day or 5 lbs/day
Na+
135 - 145
Hyponatremia
S/S: cramps, weakness, headache
, Hypernatremia
S/S: thirst, decreased salivation, headaches, seizures
K+
3.5 - 5.2
daily PO 40 - 60 mg
Hypokalemia
S/S: cramps, weakness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting
Hyperkalemia: diarrhea, dizziness, stomach cramps,
Ca++
8.5 - 10.5
Hypocalcemia
S/S bone pain, spasms, tetany
+C&T signs Cheek and wrisT
Hypercalcemia:
S/S bone fracture, constipation,
Inversely proportional
Calcium and phosphate
Introductory Concepts and Clinical Perspectives
3rd Edition by (Capriotti), Chapter 1 - 46 >
Download as Pdf File
Isotonic IV solution
Bloodstream volume expander
0.9 % same as blood no solute movement
TX: med administration and blood transfusion
Hypotonic IV solution
Adds solvent to bloodstream
0.45% half normal saline
TX: dehydration
Hypertonic IV solution
Adds solutes to bloodstream
,3%
TX: cerebral edema, Mannitol
Fluid volume deficit
"dehydration" reduced fluid intake or excess fluid loss.
S/S hypovolemia, tachy, hypotension, fever
H20 follows Na+
Fluid volume overload
"edema" heart failure and cycling RAAS
S/S crackles, ascites, increases weight, dyspnea
2 lbs/day or 5 lbs/day
Na+
135 - 145
Hyponatremia
S/S: cramps, weakness, headache
, Hypernatremia
S/S: thirst, decreased salivation, headaches, seizures
K+
3.5 - 5.2
daily PO 40 - 60 mg
Hypokalemia
S/S: cramps, weakness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting
Hyperkalemia: diarrhea, dizziness, stomach cramps,
Ca++
8.5 - 10.5
Hypocalcemia
S/S bone pain, spasms, tetany
+C&T signs Cheek and wrisT
Hypercalcemia:
S/S bone fracture, constipation,
Inversely proportional
Calcium and phosphate
