Graded A+ 2025/2026
vesicle - small elevation of the epidermis containing liquid less than 1 cm
(herpes, allergic contact dermatitis, blistering)
bulla - a large blister that is usually more than 0.5 cm in diameter
(pemphigus vulgaris)
wheal - small, round, raised area on the skin that may be accompanied by
itching; usually seen in allergic reactions
annular arrangement - elements are arranged as circular rings with a
common center
(ringworm)
nummular or discoid - Coin shaped with no central clearing
Target or bull's-eye lesions - rings with central duskiness
Serpiginous - twisted or snakelike pattern
questions for HPI skin concerns - any new lesions, sores, growths?
any new meds?
sexual hx
exposure to allergens
fever? SOB? does the rash involve mucous membranes?
how long? evolution? itching? painful? other associated sx? exposures?
normal skin changes with aging - wrinkles, thin skin, loss of turgor, dry,
flaky skin, color changes with sun exposure (liver spots)
what is atopic dermatitis? - Excess inflammation; dry skin, redness, and
itching from allergies and irritants.
what would you expect to find in atopic dermatitis? - itchy, red, papules,
scales, vesicles
diagnostics for atopic dermatitis - serum IgE, culture or HSV
, what is tinea captis? - ringworm of the scalp
questions for history of tinea captis - any steroids or contact with animals
what do you expect to find with tinea captis? - red scaly patch to scalp, hair
loss/distribution
diagnostics for tinea captis - cultures, KOH
what is tinea corporis? - ringworm of the body
what will you see in pts with tinea corporis? - red scaly patches of skin,
pustules
what is herpes simplex? - cold sore
what should you ask for history with herpes simplex? - any STIs or HIV?
stress? sun exposure? fevers?
what will you see in pts with herpes simplex? - vesicles to lips, chin, groin,
mouth
diagnostic tools for herpes simplex - physical exam and history, viral culture
possible
what is herpes zoster? - shingles
what do you expect to find in pts with herpes zoster? - vesicles followed by
crusting lesions, unilateral pain, burning, itching
diagnostics for herpes zoster - viral culture, tzanck smear
what does impetigo look like? - vesicular, honey colored crusted lesions to
face,
what is impetigo? - An acute, contagious superficial skin infection of the
skin.
what is scabies? - Mites that spread by direct contact with an infected
person. Eggs mature in 21 days