Genitourinary assessment is inspecting and palpating the genital area for reproductive and
urinary system problems
Female reproductive assessment
External examination
● Mons pubis
● Labia majora
● Labia minora
○ Thinner folds inside the labia majora
○ Joins anteriorly at the clitoris and forms a prepuce or hood
○ Posteriorly the two folds joins to form the frenulum
○ Hairless and darker pink than the labia majora
○ Contain numerous sebaceous glands that promote lubrication and maintain a
moist environment in the vaginal area
● Urethral meatus, clitoris
○ Opening to the urethra
● Vaginal introitus
● Hymen
○ Fold of membranous tissue that covers part of the vaginal opening
● Opening of bartholin’s gland
○ Located on either side of and slightly posterior to the vaginal orifice
○ Secretes mucus that lubricates the area during sexual intercourse
● Opening of skene’s gland
○ Located on either side of urethral opening
○ Usually not visible
○ Secretes mucus that lubricates and maintains a moist vaginal environment
○ Often referred to as the lesser vestibular glands
● Perineum
● Ovaries
Internal examination
● Vagina
● Cervix
Male reproductive assessment
External examination
● Penis
● Scrotum
Beware of symptoms
● Frequent urination
● Polyuria
● Nocturnal incontinence
● Urgency
● Burning when urinating
, ● Hematuria
● Incontinence
● Flank pain
● Reduced urine stream
● Dribbling
● Hesitation when urinating
● History of kidney stones
Prostate cancer is the 2nd leading cause of cancer death in men in the US.
● 1 in 6 men are diagnosed but 3% die
● Slow growing but can be readily treated in found early
A&P of Testes
Testes or testicles are smooth, ovoid and approx 3.5-5 cm long
Left testicle lies lower than right
Function of testicles is the produce spermatozoa (sperm) and testosterone
Testosterone stimulates pubertal growth of the male genitalia, prostate and seminal vesicles
Vas deferens
● Transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
● Vas deferens, arteries, veins and nerves make up the spermatic cord which ascends
through the external inguinal ring and into the inguinal canal
● Inside the canal and just before the entrance into the prostate gland, the vas deferens
unites with the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct
Epididymis
● Ducts are responsible for moving sperm, beginning in the epididymides to the vas
deferens; ejaculatory duct; and finally urethra
● Soft comma shaped
● Located on the posterolateral and upper aspect of the testicles
● Provides storage, maturation and transmit of sperm
Seminiferous tubules
● Coiled ducts inside each testicle
● Where spermatogenesis occurs
● Mature sperm is generated approximately every 90 days
● Produced sperm move toward the center of the testicle, traveling into the efferent tubules
adjacent to the ductus epididymis
Normal and Abnormal Findings of Male Genitalia
Groin
● Inspection
○ Laying supine, observe hair distribution
○ Normal findings
urinary system problems
Female reproductive assessment
External examination
● Mons pubis
● Labia majora
● Labia minora
○ Thinner folds inside the labia majora
○ Joins anteriorly at the clitoris and forms a prepuce or hood
○ Posteriorly the two folds joins to form the frenulum
○ Hairless and darker pink than the labia majora
○ Contain numerous sebaceous glands that promote lubrication and maintain a
moist environment in the vaginal area
● Urethral meatus, clitoris
○ Opening to the urethra
● Vaginal introitus
● Hymen
○ Fold of membranous tissue that covers part of the vaginal opening
● Opening of bartholin’s gland
○ Located on either side of and slightly posterior to the vaginal orifice
○ Secretes mucus that lubricates the area during sexual intercourse
● Opening of skene’s gland
○ Located on either side of urethral opening
○ Usually not visible
○ Secretes mucus that lubricates and maintains a moist vaginal environment
○ Often referred to as the lesser vestibular glands
● Perineum
● Ovaries
Internal examination
● Vagina
● Cervix
Male reproductive assessment
External examination
● Penis
● Scrotum
Beware of symptoms
● Frequent urination
● Polyuria
● Nocturnal incontinence
● Urgency
● Burning when urinating
, ● Hematuria
● Incontinence
● Flank pain
● Reduced urine stream
● Dribbling
● Hesitation when urinating
● History of kidney stones
Prostate cancer is the 2nd leading cause of cancer death in men in the US.
● 1 in 6 men are diagnosed but 3% die
● Slow growing but can be readily treated in found early
A&P of Testes
Testes or testicles are smooth, ovoid and approx 3.5-5 cm long
Left testicle lies lower than right
Function of testicles is the produce spermatozoa (sperm) and testosterone
Testosterone stimulates pubertal growth of the male genitalia, prostate and seminal vesicles
Vas deferens
● Transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
● Vas deferens, arteries, veins and nerves make up the spermatic cord which ascends
through the external inguinal ring and into the inguinal canal
● Inside the canal and just before the entrance into the prostate gland, the vas deferens
unites with the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct
Epididymis
● Ducts are responsible for moving sperm, beginning in the epididymides to the vas
deferens; ejaculatory duct; and finally urethra
● Soft comma shaped
● Located on the posterolateral and upper aspect of the testicles
● Provides storage, maturation and transmit of sperm
Seminiferous tubules
● Coiled ducts inside each testicle
● Where spermatogenesis occurs
● Mature sperm is generated approximately every 90 days
● Produced sperm move toward the center of the testicle, traveling into the efferent tubules
adjacent to the ductus epididymis
Normal and Abnormal Findings of Male Genitalia
Groin
● Inspection
○ Laying supine, observe hair distribution
○ Normal findings
