CPAER CANADA COMMERCIAL PILOT EXAM
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED
2025-2026
What is the difference between a HI, HSI and RMI? - ANSWER>>1. Heading Indicator (HI)
is operated by a gyroscope to provide a magnetic heading. It usually must be set
manually to the compass.
2. Horizontal Situational Indicator (HSI) is slaved to a compass and is a VOR receiver.
TO/FROM does not need to be interpreted as it does with a traditional VOR.
3. Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI) is heading indicator slaved to a magnetic flux valve to
provide a magnetic heading and contains 2 bearing pointers which provide ADF and
VOR magnetic bearings.
List the different types of projections and the maps they are used on. -
ANSWER>>VNC= Lambert Conformal conic
VTA = Transverse Mectar Projection
Describe VNC type maps - ANSWER>>Lambert Conformal Conic Projections
Scale is 1:500,000
Uses a Great Circle
Describe VTA maps - ANSWER>>VFR Terminal Area. Transverse Mectar Projection
style maps.
Scale is 1:250,000
uses Rhumb Lines
What is the saturated and dry adiabatic lapse rate? - ANSWER>>1.5 C/ 1000'
(saturated) 3 C/1000' (Dry)
,The heating or cooling without adding or subtracting heat is known as what? -
ANSWER>>the adiabatic process
What are regulations around smoking or displaying an open flame at an Aerodrome
Apron? - ANSWER>>1. No person shall smoke or display an open flame on an apron
unless in an enclosed building or shelter where such smoking is not likely to create a fire
hazard
2. Unless authorized maintenance ops require an open flame and not likely to cause a
fire.
When is survival gear NOT required on a flight - ANSWER>>1. AC has a two way radio
and within 25 NM of departure Aerodrome.
2. If flying a Balloon, hang glider, Gyroplane, or an ultra light.
3. AC is ME operating IFR within controlled airspace or on an air route.
4. AC is operated in a geographical area whereby Survival gear is not needed for
survival.
True or False, A flight plan is required for all flights above 12,500 ASL? Why? -
ANSWER>>False, It is only required for controlled airspace above 12,500.
Describe MOCA - ANSWER>>MOCA (Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude) is
provided along IFR airways and routes which provides for obstruction clearance of
1,000 above the highest obstacle along that portion of route. In designated (e.g. Areas 1
and 5) the MOCA is 2,000 feet above the highest Obstacle for that route segment.
How do you check that your ADF receiver and the NDB are serviceable? -
ANSWER>>By Monitoring the Morse code identifier and by confirming that the bearing
pointer is steady.
Slip to the Left - ANSWER>>Left wing down, ball left (Same Side)
Skid to the right - ANSWER>>Right wing down, ball left (opposite side)
Describe a skid to the Left - ANSWER>>Left wing down, ball right (opposite side)
,Describe a slip to the right. - ANSWER>>right wing down, ball right (same side).
What are the regulations regarding a farmer using an aircraft to spray crops? -
ANSWER>>A "Farmer" as defined by TC must be licensed with a PPL and use his/her
own Aircraft to spray land within 25 NM of his/her land.
With respect to carrying passengers at night or IFR in a SEL what are the regulations. -
ANSWER>>1. Unless otherwise authorized (eg. Single Engine Turbine) no passengers
shall be carried aboard a single engine airplane and night or IFR.
2. For night VFR in a single engine airplane, the pilot must be IFR Rated.
At an uncontrolled Aerodrome how must one join the circuit? - ANSWER>>1. From
upwind side of aerodrome, cross mid-field, join at circuit height at downwind leg
2. Straight in on downwind leg.
When is a flight plan or Flight itinerary required. - ANSWER>>1. When flying more than
25 NM from aerodrome
2. When flying to/from a military aerodrome
3. When flying to the united states from Canada (Flight Plan only)
Whom is responsible for ensuring that a crew member does not exceed the maximum
flight/duty times? - ANSWER>>The Air Carrier and Pilot
Are the minimum number of Flight Attendants rules? - ANSWER>>1. One attendant per
50 Paxs
2. No Flight Attendant required if for AC that seat 13-19 paxs if
a. AC has a PIC and SIC
b. Pax cabin is readily Accessible from flight Deck
c. Flight Crew can monitor Paxs
, Labrador Current - ANSWER>>It's an extremely cold ocean current in the North Atlantic
which creates fog over the eastern provinces when it meets warm tropical golf stream
air in the winter. This fog is present for more than 200 days year.
When is Wind shear most common - ANSWER>>1. Frontal Activity (w strong wind
gradients, or surface temperature differences across surface)
2. Thunderstorms (Vertical)
3. Temperature inversions (Horizontal), Low Level Jets are particularly dangerous
4. Surface Obstructions (Airports near water but protected by trees).
If there is no indication of winds on a GFA then the winds will be less than ______ kts -
ANSWER>>20
Given: TAF CYQR 221630Z 221705
1. What time was the TAF issued?
2. What is the validity time range? - ANSWER>>1. 22nd day of the month, 1630Z
2. valid from 22nd day at 1700Z to 23rd day 0500z
In the ICG TB GFA, does Icing locations only shown within the Map portion? -
ANSWER>>No, the comment section will provide more icing locations.
What is the formula for VHF range? - ANSWER>>1.25 X SQRT of height
Which wing stalls first in a climbing turn? - ANSWER>>The higher wing
Which wing stalls first in a a descending turn? - ANSWER>>the low wing.
As an aircraft approach a stall, the center of pressure moves ____________ then after the
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED
2025-2026
What is the difference between a HI, HSI and RMI? - ANSWER>>1. Heading Indicator (HI)
is operated by a gyroscope to provide a magnetic heading. It usually must be set
manually to the compass.
2. Horizontal Situational Indicator (HSI) is slaved to a compass and is a VOR receiver.
TO/FROM does not need to be interpreted as it does with a traditional VOR.
3. Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI) is heading indicator slaved to a magnetic flux valve to
provide a magnetic heading and contains 2 bearing pointers which provide ADF and
VOR magnetic bearings.
List the different types of projections and the maps they are used on. -
ANSWER>>VNC= Lambert Conformal conic
VTA = Transverse Mectar Projection
Describe VNC type maps - ANSWER>>Lambert Conformal Conic Projections
Scale is 1:500,000
Uses a Great Circle
Describe VTA maps - ANSWER>>VFR Terminal Area. Transverse Mectar Projection
style maps.
Scale is 1:250,000
uses Rhumb Lines
What is the saturated and dry adiabatic lapse rate? - ANSWER>>1.5 C/ 1000'
(saturated) 3 C/1000' (Dry)
,The heating or cooling without adding or subtracting heat is known as what? -
ANSWER>>the adiabatic process
What are regulations around smoking or displaying an open flame at an Aerodrome
Apron? - ANSWER>>1. No person shall smoke or display an open flame on an apron
unless in an enclosed building or shelter where such smoking is not likely to create a fire
hazard
2. Unless authorized maintenance ops require an open flame and not likely to cause a
fire.
When is survival gear NOT required on a flight - ANSWER>>1. AC has a two way radio
and within 25 NM of departure Aerodrome.
2. If flying a Balloon, hang glider, Gyroplane, or an ultra light.
3. AC is ME operating IFR within controlled airspace or on an air route.
4. AC is operated in a geographical area whereby Survival gear is not needed for
survival.
True or False, A flight plan is required for all flights above 12,500 ASL? Why? -
ANSWER>>False, It is only required for controlled airspace above 12,500.
Describe MOCA - ANSWER>>MOCA (Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude) is
provided along IFR airways and routes which provides for obstruction clearance of
1,000 above the highest obstacle along that portion of route. In designated (e.g. Areas 1
and 5) the MOCA is 2,000 feet above the highest Obstacle for that route segment.
How do you check that your ADF receiver and the NDB are serviceable? -
ANSWER>>By Monitoring the Morse code identifier and by confirming that the bearing
pointer is steady.
Slip to the Left - ANSWER>>Left wing down, ball left (Same Side)
Skid to the right - ANSWER>>Right wing down, ball left (opposite side)
Describe a skid to the Left - ANSWER>>Left wing down, ball right (opposite side)
,Describe a slip to the right. - ANSWER>>right wing down, ball right (same side).
What are the regulations regarding a farmer using an aircraft to spray crops? -
ANSWER>>A "Farmer" as defined by TC must be licensed with a PPL and use his/her
own Aircraft to spray land within 25 NM of his/her land.
With respect to carrying passengers at night or IFR in a SEL what are the regulations. -
ANSWER>>1. Unless otherwise authorized (eg. Single Engine Turbine) no passengers
shall be carried aboard a single engine airplane and night or IFR.
2. For night VFR in a single engine airplane, the pilot must be IFR Rated.
At an uncontrolled Aerodrome how must one join the circuit? - ANSWER>>1. From
upwind side of aerodrome, cross mid-field, join at circuit height at downwind leg
2. Straight in on downwind leg.
When is a flight plan or Flight itinerary required. - ANSWER>>1. When flying more than
25 NM from aerodrome
2. When flying to/from a military aerodrome
3. When flying to the united states from Canada (Flight Plan only)
Whom is responsible for ensuring that a crew member does not exceed the maximum
flight/duty times? - ANSWER>>The Air Carrier and Pilot
Are the minimum number of Flight Attendants rules? - ANSWER>>1. One attendant per
50 Paxs
2. No Flight Attendant required if for AC that seat 13-19 paxs if
a. AC has a PIC and SIC
b. Pax cabin is readily Accessible from flight Deck
c. Flight Crew can monitor Paxs
, Labrador Current - ANSWER>>It's an extremely cold ocean current in the North Atlantic
which creates fog over the eastern provinces when it meets warm tropical golf stream
air in the winter. This fog is present for more than 200 days year.
When is Wind shear most common - ANSWER>>1. Frontal Activity (w strong wind
gradients, or surface temperature differences across surface)
2. Thunderstorms (Vertical)
3. Temperature inversions (Horizontal), Low Level Jets are particularly dangerous
4. Surface Obstructions (Airports near water but protected by trees).
If there is no indication of winds on a GFA then the winds will be less than ______ kts -
ANSWER>>20
Given: TAF CYQR 221630Z 221705
1. What time was the TAF issued?
2. What is the validity time range? - ANSWER>>1. 22nd day of the month, 1630Z
2. valid from 22nd day at 1700Z to 23rd day 0500z
In the ICG TB GFA, does Icing locations only shown within the Map portion? -
ANSWER>>No, the comment section will provide more icing locations.
What is the formula for VHF range? - ANSWER>>1.25 X SQRT of height
Which wing stalls first in a climbing turn? - ANSWER>>The higher wing
Which wing stalls first in a a descending turn? - ANSWER>>the low wing.
As an aircraft approach a stall, the center of pressure moves ____________ then after the
