Fundamentals of Nursing Final Exam Review Questions
With 100% Verified Answers 2025 Update
A nurse is formulating a clinical question in PICO format. What does the letterP represent?
A. Comparison to another similar treatment
B. Clearly defined, focused literature review
C. Specific identification of the desired outcome
D. Explicit descriptions of the population of interest - ANS ✔ - D. Explicit descriptions of the
population of interest
A nurse is caring for a patient in the ICU who is being monitored for a possible cerebral aneurysm
following a list of consciousness in the emergency room. The nurse anticipates preparing the pt for
ordered diagnostic tests. This nurse's knowledge of the diagnostic procedures for this condition
reflects which aspect of nursing?
A. The art of nursing
B. The science of nursing
C. The caring aspect of nursing
D. The holistic approach to nursing - ANS ✔ - B. The science of nursing
Which nurse who was influential in the development of nursing in North America is regarded as the
founder of American nursing?
A. Clara Barton
B. Lillian Wald
C. Lavina Dock
,D. Florence Nightingale - ANS ✔ - D. Florence Nightingale
The student nurse learns that illnesses are classified as either acute or chronic. Which are examples
of chronic illnesses? Select all that apply.
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Bronchial pneumonia
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Cystic fibrosis
E. Fractured hip
F. Otitis media - ANS ✔ - A, C, & D
World War II had a tremendous effect on the nursing profession. Which development occurred
during this period?
A. The role of the nurse was broadened
B. There was a decreased emphasis on education
C. Nursing was practiced mainly in hospital settings
D. There was an overabundance of nurses - ANS ✔ - A. The role of the nurse was broadened
One of the 4 broad aims of nursing practice is to restore health. Which examples of nursing
interventions reflect this goal? Select all that apply.
A. A nurse counsels adolescents in a drug rehabilitation program
B. A nurse performed ROM exercises for a pt on bedrest
C. A nurse shows a diabetic pt how to inject insulin
D. A nurse recommends a yoga class for a busy executive
,E. A nurse provides hospice care for a pt with end-stage cancer
F. A nurse teaches a nutrition class at a local high school - ANS ✔ - A, B, and C
A nurse assesses patients in a physician's office who are experiencing different levels of health and
illness. Which statements best define the concepts of health and illness? Select all that apply.
A. Health and illness are the same for all people.
B. Health and illness are individually defined by each person.
C. People with acute illnesses are actually healthy.
D. People with chronic illnesses have poor health beliefs.
E. Health is more than the absence of illness.
F. Illness is the response of a person to a disease. - ANS ✔ - B, E, & F
A nurse is interviewing a newly admitted patient. Which question would be considered culturally
sensitive?
A. "Do you think you will be able to eat the food we have here?"
B. "Do you understand that we can't prepare special meals?"
C. "What types of food do you eat for meals?"
D. "Why can't you just eat our food while you are here?" - ANS ✔ - C
Which acid-base imbalance would the nurse suspect after assessing the following arterial blood gas
values: pH, 7.30; PaCO2, 36 mm Hg; HCO3−, 14 mEq/L?
A. Respiratory acidosis
, B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis - ANS ✔ - C
A nurse administers a dose of an oral medication for hypertension to a patient who immediately
vomits after swallowing the pill. What would be the appropriate initial action of the nurse in this
situation?
A. Re-administer the medication and notify the primary care provider.
B. Re-administer the pill in a liquid form if possible.
C. Assess the vomit, looking for the pill.
D. Notify the primary care provider. - ANS ✔ - C. If a patient vomits immediately after swallowing an
oral pill, the nurse should assess the vomit for the pill or fragments of it. The nurse should then notify
the primary care provider to see if another dosage should be administered.
Method of communication between health care providers about patients (the handoff) - ANS ✔ -
SBAR
When the newborn's head is turned to one side, the arm on that side is extended out - ANS ✔ - Tonic
neck
True or false: Diarrhea is a common concern postpartum - ANS ✔ - False. Constipation is a common
concern if iron is administered
With 100% Verified Answers 2025 Update
A nurse is formulating a clinical question in PICO format. What does the letterP represent?
A. Comparison to another similar treatment
B. Clearly defined, focused literature review
C. Specific identification of the desired outcome
D. Explicit descriptions of the population of interest - ANS ✔ - D. Explicit descriptions of the
population of interest
A nurse is caring for a patient in the ICU who is being monitored for a possible cerebral aneurysm
following a list of consciousness in the emergency room. The nurse anticipates preparing the pt for
ordered diagnostic tests. This nurse's knowledge of the diagnostic procedures for this condition
reflects which aspect of nursing?
A. The art of nursing
B. The science of nursing
C. The caring aspect of nursing
D. The holistic approach to nursing - ANS ✔ - B. The science of nursing
Which nurse who was influential in the development of nursing in North America is regarded as the
founder of American nursing?
A. Clara Barton
B. Lillian Wald
C. Lavina Dock
,D. Florence Nightingale - ANS ✔ - D. Florence Nightingale
The student nurse learns that illnesses are classified as either acute or chronic. Which are examples
of chronic illnesses? Select all that apply.
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Bronchial pneumonia
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Cystic fibrosis
E. Fractured hip
F. Otitis media - ANS ✔ - A, C, & D
World War II had a tremendous effect on the nursing profession. Which development occurred
during this period?
A. The role of the nurse was broadened
B. There was a decreased emphasis on education
C. Nursing was practiced mainly in hospital settings
D. There was an overabundance of nurses - ANS ✔ - A. The role of the nurse was broadened
One of the 4 broad aims of nursing practice is to restore health. Which examples of nursing
interventions reflect this goal? Select all that apply.
A. A nurse counsels adolescents in a drug rehabilitation program
B. A nurse performed ROM exercises for a pt on bedrest
C. A nurse shows a diabetic pt how to inject insulin
D. A nurse recommends a yoga class for a busy executive
,E. A nurse provides hospice care for a pt with end-stage cancer
F. A nurse teaches a nutrition class at a local high school - ANS ✔ - A, B, and C
A nurse assesses patients in a physician's office who are experiencing different levels of health and
illness. Which statements best define the concepts of health and illness? Select all that apply.
A. Health and illness are the same for all people.
B. Health and illness are individually defined by each person.
C. People with acute illnesses are actually healthy.
D. People with chronic illnesses have poor health beliefs.
E. Health is more than the absence of illness.
F. Illness is the response of a person to a disease. - ANS ✔ - B, E, & F
A nurse is interviewing a newly admitted patient. Which question would be considered culturally
sensitive?
A. "Do you think you will be able to eat the food we have here?"
B. "Do you understand that we can't prepare special meals?"
C. "What types of food do you eat for meals?"
D. "Why can't you just eat our food while you are here?" - ANS ✔ - C
Which acid-base imbalance would the nurse suspect after assessing the following arterial blood gas
values: pH, 7.30; PaCO2, 36 mm Hg; HCO3−, 14 mEq/L?
A. Respiratory acidosis
, B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis - ANS ✔ - C
A nurse administers a dose of an oral medication for hypertension to a patient who immediately
vomits after swallowing the pill. What would be the appropriate initial action of the nurse in this
situation?
A. Re-administer the medication and notify the primary care provider.
B. Re-administer the pill in a liquid form if possible.
C. Assess the vomit, looking for the pill.
D. Notify the primary care provider. - ANS ✔ - C. If a patient vomits immediately after swallowing an
oral pill, the nurse should assess the vomit for the pill or fragments of it. The nurse should then notify
the primary care provider to see if another dosage should be administered.
Method of communication between health care providers about patients (the handoff) - ANS ✔ -
SBAR
When the newborn's head is turned to one side, the arm on that side is extended out - ANS ✔ - Tonic
neck
True or false: Diarrhea is a common concern postpartum - ANS ✔ - False. Constipation is a common
concern if iron is administered
