NPLEX 1 EXAM LATEST 2025 WITH CORRECT
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS/ALREADY
GRADED A+
What type of bonds are base chains made up of? - CORRECT ANSWER-alpha 1-4
What type of bonds are branch points made of? - CORRECT ANSWER-alpha 1-6
How is fructose absorbed? - CORRECT ANSWER-Via facilitated diffusion
How is citric acid made? - CORRECT ANSWER-Oxaloacetate (C4) joins with
Acetyl CoA (C2) to make citric acid (C6)
Where does the electron transport chain occur? - CORRECT ANSWER-At the
inner membrane of the mitochondria
What is the primary rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Phosphofructokinase
,What enzymes are required for glycolysis? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Phosphofructokinase, hexokinase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase
What are the monosaccharides? - CORRECT ANSWER-Glucose, fructose,
galactose, mannose
What are the disaccharides? - CORRECT ANSWER-Sucrose, lactose, maltose,
isomaltose
What type of bond does lactose have? - CORRECT ANSWER-Beta 1-4
What breaks down polysaccharides to monosaccharides? - CORRECT ANSWER-
The brush border enzymes
What enzymes are needed for gluconeogenesis? - CORRECT ANSWER-Glucose-6
phosphatase, F-1,6 diphosphatase, Pyruvate carboxykinase, pyruvate carboxylase
What stimulates gluconeogenesis? - CORRECT ANSWER-Epinephrine, cortisol,
glucagon
What mainly controls liver glycogen metabolism? - CORRECT ANSWER-The
concentration of phosphorylase-a
,What does increased cAMP do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Increases glycogenolysis,
slows glycogenesis
What functions does the HMP-shunt have? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Makes
NADPH
2. Provides ribose residues
What are the essential fatty acids? - CORRECT ANSWER-Linoleic acid, alpha-
linolenic acid, arachidonic acid
What is the rate-limiting step of cholesterol synthesis? - CORRECT ANSWER-The
conversion of HMG CoA to mevalonate by HMG CoA reductase
What type of receptor do chylomicrons dock on? - CORRECT ANSWER-ApoE
receptors
What kind of receptors do LDL bind to? - CORRECT ANSWER-ApoB receptors
What kind of receptors do HDL bind to? - CORRECT ANSWER-ApoA1 receptors
What enzyme makes cholesterol esters? - CORRECT ANSWER-ACAT enzyme
, What enzyme breaks cholesterol ester down into free cholesterol? - CORRECT
ANSWER-CE hydroxylase
What enzyme converts desmosterol to cholesterol? - CORRECT ANSWER-Delta
24 reductase
What are the essential amino acids? - CORRECT ANSWER-Histidine, Isoleucine,
Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Valine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan,
Arginine
What does Hydrolase do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Adds H2O to break bonds
(hydrolysis)
What does Aldolase do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cleaves C-C bonds to form
aldehydes
What does dehydrogenase do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Removes H from substrate
What does hydratase do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Adds H2O to C-C bonds without
breaking the bonds, can also remove H2O to create a double bond
What does Isomerase do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Converts between isomers
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS/ALREADY
GRADED A+
What type of bonds are base chains made up of? - CORRECT ANSWER-alpha 1-4
What type of bonds are branch points made of? - CORRECT ANSWER-alpha 1-6
How is fructose absorbed? - CORRECT ANSWER-Via facilitated diffusion
How is citric acid made? - CORRECT ANSWER-Oxaloacetate (C4) joins with
Acetyl CoA (C2) to make citric acid (C6)
Where does the electron transport chain occur? - CORRECT ANSWER-At the
inner membrane of the mitochondria
What is the primary rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Phosphofructokinase
,What enzymes are required for glycolysis? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Phosphofructokinase, hexokinase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase
What are the monosaccharides? - CORRECT ANSWER-Glucose, fructose,
galactose, mannose
What are the disaccharides? - CORRECT ANSWER-Sucrose, lactose, maltose,
isomaltose
What type of bond does lactose have? - CORRECT ANSWER-Beta 1-4
What breaks down polysaccharides to monosaccharides? - CORRECT ANSWER-
The brush border enzymes
What enzymes are needed for gluconeogenesis? - CORRECT ANSWER-Glucose-6
phosphatase, F-1,6 diphosphatase, Pyruvate carboxykinase, pyruvate carboxylase
What stimulates gluconeogenesis? - CORRECT ANSWER-Epinephrine, cortisol,
glucagon
What mainly controls liver glycogen metabolism? - CORRECT ANSWER-The
concentration of phosphorylase-a
,What does increased cAMP do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Increases glycogenolysis,
slows glycogenesis
What functions does the HMP-shunt have? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Makes
NADPH
2. Provides ribose residues
What are the essential fatty acids? - CORRECT ANSWER-Linoleic acid, alpha-
linolenic acid, arachidonic acid
What is the rate-limiting step of cholesterol synthesis? - CORRECT ANSWER-The
conversion of HMG CoA to mevalonate by HMG CoA reductase
What type of receptor do chylomicrons dock on? - CORRECT ANSWER-ApoE
receptors
What kind of receptors do LDL bind to? - CORRECT ANSWER-ApoB receptors
What kind of receptors do HDL bind to? - CORRECT ANSWER-ApoA1 receptors
What enzyme makes cholesterol esters? - CORRECT ANSWER-ACAT enzyme
, What enzyme breaks cholesterol ester down into free cholesterol? - CORRECT
ANSWER-CE hydroxylase
What enzyme converts desmosterol to cholesterol? - CORRECT ANSWER-Delta
24 reductase
What are the essential amino acids? - CORRECT ANSWER-Histidine, Isoleucine,
Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Valine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan,
Arginine
What does Hydrolase do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Adds H2O to break bonds
(hydrolysis)
What does Aldolase do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cleaves C-C bonds to form
aldehydes
What does dehydrogenase do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Removes H from substrate
What does hydratase do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Adds H2O to C-C bonds without
breaking the bonds, can also remove H2O to create a double bond
What does Isomerase do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Converts between isomers
