NRSG265 MEDICAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
management of pneumonia - Answer-oxygen if needed
chest physio
antipyretics
IVF
analgesia
promote rest
risk factors of CVD - Answer-hypertension
smoking
high LDL
lifestyle
T2 Diabetes
fam history
Pharmacological treatment of HTN - Answer-Beta blockers
A1 blockers
Ace inhibitors (pril)
Diuretics
Angiotensin II blockers (sartan)
calcium channel blockers
MoA beta blockers - Answer-blocks beta receptors
decreased HR
Reduces CO, BP, and workload
what is acute coronary syndrome (ACS) - Answer-occurs when ischemia is prolonged
and not reversed
types of ACS - Answer-unstable angina, NSTEMI, STEMI
What is unstable angina? - Answer-chest pain that occurs at rest
What is MI (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION)? - Answer-Result of sustained ischaemia
(>20mins), causing necrosis
Manifestations of MI - Answer-Severe chest pain
tightness in chest
atypical in women
N+V
, fever
What is STEMI? - Answer-sudden occlusion of major coronary artery
what is NSTEMI? - Answer-Severely narrowed artery
Complications of MI? - Answer-Arrhythmias
Heart failures
Cardiogenic shock
Ventricular aneurysm
Major cause of CAD? - Answer-atherosclerosis
Patho of atherosclerosis - Answer-LDL oxidized by free radicals in blood
binds to endothelium in vessels
deposit cholesterol beneath endothelium
atherosclerosis
management of CAD - Answer-Lipid lowering drugs (statins)
ACE inhibitors (pril)
Beta blockers
Angioplasty and stents
bypass surgery
Management of angina - Answer-nitrates - cause vasodilation of peripheral blood
vessels reduces total peripheral resistance, stroke volume and cardiac output
What is AFIB? - Answer-irregular beating in atria
patho of AF - Answer-signals not coming from SA node, but all over atria
uncoordinated atrial activity
improper emptying of atria to ventricles - decreases SV and CO
Ventricular rate increases as a result of excess signals through AV node
AF ECG characteristics - Answer-no p wave
irregularly irregular
AF management - Answer-1. rate control e.g beta blockers
2. rhythm control e.g amiodarone
3. anticoagulants to reduce stroke risk
What is VFIB? - Answer-irregularities in ventricular contractions
VF patho - Answer-rapid rhythm causes quivering instead
absence of audible heartbeat
WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
management of pneumonia - Answer-oxygen if needed
chest physio
antipyretics
IVF
analgesia
promote rest
risk factors of CVD - Answer-hypertension
smoking
high LDL
lifestyle
T2 Diabetes
fam history
Pharmacological treatment of HTN - Answer-Beta blockers
A1 blockers
Ace inhibitors (pril)
Diuretics
Angiotensin II blockers (sartan)
calcium channel blockers
MoA beta blockers - Answer-blocks beta receptors
decreased HR
Reduces CO, BP, and workload
what is acute coronary syndrome (ACS) - Answer-occurs when ischemia is prolonged
and not reversed
types of ACS - Answer-unstable angina, NSTEMI, STEMI
What is unstable angina? - Answer-chest pain that occurs at rest
What is MI (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION)? - Answer-Result of sustained ischaemia
(>20mins), causing necrosis
Manifestations of MI - Answer-Severe chest pain
tightness in chest
atypical in women
N+V
, fever
What is STEMI? - Answer-sudden occlusion of major coronary artery
what is NSTEMI? - Answer-Severely narrowed artery
Complications of MI? - Answer-Arrhythmias
Heart failures
Cardiogenic shock
Ventricular aneurysm
Major cause of CAD? - Answer-atherosclerosis
Patho of atherosclerosis - Answer-LDL oxidized by free radicals in blood
binds to endothelium in vessels
deposit cholesterol beneath endothelium
atherosclerosis
management of CAD - Answer-Lipid lowering drugs (statins)
ACE inhibitors (pril)
Beta blockers
Angioplasty and stents
bypass surgery
Management of angina - Answer-nitrates - cause vasodilation of peripheral blood
vessels reduces total peripheral resistance, stroke volume and cardiac output
What is AFIB? - Answer-irregular beating in atria
patho of AF - Answer-signals not coming from SA node, but all over atria
uncoordinated atrial activity
improper emptying of atria to ventricles - decreases SV and CO
Ventricular rate increases as a result of excess signals through AV node
AF ECG characteristics - Answer-no p wave
irregularly irregular
AF management - Answer-1. rate control e.g beta blockers
2. rhythm control e.g amiodarone
3. anticoagulants to reduce stroke risk
What is VFIB? - Answer-irregularities in ventricular contractions
VF patho - Answer-rapid rhythm causes quivering instead
absence of audible heartbeat
