PSYC 3320 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Neuroanatomy - Answers- the study of the structure of the nervous system
Forebrain (prosencephalon) - Answers- telencephalon and diencephalon
midbrain (mesencephalon) - Answers- tectum and tegmentum
hindbrain (rhombencephalon) - Answers- metencephalon and myelencephalon
temporal summation - Answers- repeated stimuli occurring within a brief time can have
a cumulative effect
spatial summation - Answers- several synaptic inputs originating from separate
locations can have a cumulative effect
action potential step 1 - Answers- a stimulus starts depolarization of the membrane;
positively charged sodium ions rush into a
action potential step 2 - Answers- Potassium channels open, potassium begins to leave
the cell
- sodium channels close
action potential step 3 - Answers- Refractory Phase- after the sodium gates open, they
close and go into an inactive conformation.
chemical transmission step 1 - Answers- neurotransmitter synthesis- The large peptides
are synthesized in the cell body of the neuron and are transported to the synaptic
terminal through the axon.
chemical transmission step 2 - Answers- neurotransmitter packaging and release; once
the NTs are synthesized, they need to be packaged into vessicles
chemical transmission step 3 - Answers- neurotransmitter release- As the vesicles fuse
with the membrane, the neurotransmitters are "expelled" into the synaptic cleft.
chemical transmission step 4 - Answers- NT binding- The neurotransmitters can now
diffuse through the synaptic cleft, until they reach the postsynaptic neuron; the chemical
signal is translated to an electrical signal
chemical transmission step 5 - Answers- stopping the chemical signal; Some
neurotransmitters will be degraded, some will be transported back to the presynaptic
terminal to be recycled, and sometimes they are "absorbed" by the postsynaptic
terminal
, set point theory - Answers- The idea that the body monitors fat-cell levels to keep them
(and weight) stable.
Mamawawa assumption - Answers- assumption that men are men and women are
women- separate from each other
HPG axis - Answers- Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, the negative feedback loop
that regulates sex-hormone production.
paraventricular nucleus - Answers- a group of neurons that can be activated by
physiological changes including stress.
- produces oxytocin
supraoptic nucleus - Answers- part of the hypothalamus that controls the release rate of
vasopressin
Medial preoptic subregion - Answers- male sex behavior
- consummatory pattern
ventromedial subregion - Answers- female sex behavior
- cyclic nature of hormones & lordosis
sexually dimorphic nucleus - Answers- A nucleus in the preoptic area that is much
larger in males than in females
- plays a role in male or homosexual female sexual behavior
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) - Answers- condition during prenatal
development in which androgen receptors malfunction in genetic males, impeding the
formation of male external genitalia; in these cases, the child may be born with female
external genitalia
anterior pituitary - Answers- receives signaling molecules from the hypothalamus, and
in response, synthesizes and secretes seven hormones
posterior pituitary - Answers- does not produce any hormones of its own; instead, it
stores and secretes two hormones made in the hypothalamus.
medial preoptic area - Answers- a region of the hypothalamus involved in the regulation
of sexual behaviors typically shown by males
lordosis - Answers- abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the spine
- seen in female receptive behavior
Kluver-Bucy syndrome - Answers- lesion to amygdala led to bizarre/abnormal
emotional/sexual behaviors
Neuroanatomy - Answers- the study of the structure of the nervous system
Forebrain (prosencephalon) - Answers- telencephalon and diencephalon
midbrain (mesencephalon) - Answers- tectum and tegmentum
hindbrain (rhombencephalon) - Answers- metencephalon and myelencephalon
temporal summation - Answers- repeated stimuli occurring within a brief time can have
a cumulative effect
spatial summation - Answers- several synaptic inputs originating from separate
locations can have a cumulative effect
action potential step 1 - Answers- a stimulus starts depolarization of the membrane;
positively charged sodium ions rush into a
action potential step 2 - Answers- Potassium channels open, potassium begins to leave
the cell
- sodium channels close
action potential step 3 - Answers- Refractory Phase- after the sodium gates open, they
close and go into an inactive conformation.
chemical transmission step 1 - Answers- neurotransmitter synthesis- The large peptides
are synthesized in the cell body of the neuron and are transported to the synaptic
terminal through the axon.
chemical transmission step 2 - Answers- neurotransmitter packaging and release; once
the NTs are synthesized, they need to be packaged into vessicles
chemical transmission step 3 - Answers- neurotransmitter release- As the vesicles fuse
with the membrane, the neurotransmitters are "expelled" into the synaptic cleft.
chemical transmission step 4 - Answers- NT binding- The neurotransmitters can now
diffuse through the synaptic cleft, until they reach the postsynaptic neuron; the chemical
signal is translated to an electrical signal
chemical transmission step 5 - Answers- stopping the chemical signal; Some
neurotransmitters will be degraded, some will be transported back to the presynaptic
terminal to be recycled, and sometimes they are "absorbed" by the postsynaptic
terminal
, set point theory - Answers- The idea that the body monitors fat-cell levels to keep them
(and weight) stable.
Mamawawa assumption - Answers- assumption that men are men and women are
women- separate from each other
HPG axis - Answers- Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, the negative feedback loop
that regulates sex-hormone production.
paraventricular nucleus - Answers- a group of neurons that can be activated by
physiological changes including stress.
- produces oxytocin
supraoptic nucleus - Answers- part of the hypothalamus that controls the release rate of
vasopressin
Medial preoptic subregion - Answers- male sex behavior
- consummatory pattern
ventromedial subregion - Answers- female sex behavior
- cyclic nature of hormones & lordosis
sexually dimorphic nucleus - Answers- A nucleus in the preoptic area that is much
larger in males than in females
- plays a role in male or homosexual female sexual behavior
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) - Answers- condition during prenatal
development in which androgen receptors malfunction in genetic males, impeding the
formation of male external genitalia; in these cases, the child may be born with female
external genitalia
anterior pituitary - Answers- receives signaling molecules from the hypothalamus, and
in response, synthesizes and secretes seven hormones
posterior pituitary - Answers- does not produce any hormones of its own; instead, it
stores and secretes two hormones made in the hypothalamus.
medial preoptic area - Answers- a region of the hypothalamus involved in the regulation
of sexual behaviors typically shown by males
lordosis - Answers- abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the spine
- seen in female receptive behavior
Kluver-Bucy syndrome - Answers- lesion to amygdala led to bizarre/abnormal
emotional/sexual behaviors
