PSYC 3320 BEHAVIOR AND MOTIVATION TEST 1
CH 1-3
Motivation serves as an intervening variable- define & example - Answers - An
intervening variable links a stimulus and
response and relates them to each other. In the running rats example, hunger is the
intervening variable because it changes the rat's behavior.
performace variable - Answers - A performance variable is a temporary, short-
term behavior that is currently being performed.
contrast motivation with learning - Answers - Learning, while dependent on motivation,
is
not immediately demonstrated in behaviors and
is more permanent. As for motivation,
behavioral changes occur more quickly but are not permanent.
Occurrence of overt behavior as evidence of motivation- its absence does not
necessarily mean what? - Answers - Absence of overt behaviors do not necessarily
mean lack of motivation. Organism may still
experience internal symptoms such as heart rate increase or adrenaline output.
both causal observation and lab research suggest that __ behavior is more motivated
than __ behavior. - Answers - energetic;hesitant
vigorous responses do not always mean high motivation example - Answers - The book
gives the example of the rat pressing
down the lever vigorously in order to receive
food. This does not necessarily mean is more motivated to receive food than a rat
pressing
softly on the lever, but instead that he was
taught to press vigorously.
what is the goal of preference testing? - Answers - Preference tests aim to determine
which
alternative offered is most motivating to an
organism.
nomothetic approach - Answers - development of general/universal laws- applicable to
widest range of solutions; dominates in motivation
idiographic approach - Answers - understand behavior by looking at individual
differences
, What is the main difference in focus between the nomothetic and the idiographic
approach? (p. 7-8) - Answers - The nomothetic approach studies how people
and animals are similar. The idiographic
approach examines how people differ from each other and are unique.
Term by McDougall & James to describe innate motives - Answers - instincts
According to the text, different motive states can be conceptualized as needs that
promote need-reducing behaviors. How are needs usually viewed? (p. 8) - Answers -
Usually needs are viewed as internal sources of
motivation that activate and direct behavior to
alleviate deprivation.
assumptions of mechanistic approach - Answers - Specific factors activate circuits that
motivate
the organism to engage in behavior
assumptions of cognitive approach - Answers - Interpretation of events influences
motivation
four main categories of analysis - Answers - physiological, social, individual,
philosophical
what has direct manipulation of the brain by electrical stimulation shown us? - Answers -
Brain circuits exist that may be active when
rewards occur
Activity of large groups of brain cells can be recorded by __, small groups and single
neurons can be recorded by ___. - Answers - EEG; depth electrodes
If we detect behavioral changes in several individuals during an experiment, what is it
proper to assume? - Answers - generality; According to the nomothetic approach, it
could be presumed that changes could be representative of people in general.
Banduras Bobo doll research suggests - Answers - Aggressive behaviors can be
learned through
observation and modeling and does not need
practice or reinforcement.
Descartes' idea of ____________________ states that humans are motivated by both
body (or _________________) and soul (or __________________). - Answers -
dualism; instinct; will
The two sources of ideas, according to John Locke, are the conversion of
_____________________ into _____________________________, and
CH 1-3
Motivation serves as an intervening variable- define & example - Answers - An
intervening variable links a stimulus and
response and relates them to each other. In the running rats example, hunger is the
intervening variable because it changes the rat's behavior.
performace variable - Answers - A performance variable is a temporary, short-
term behavior that is currently being performed.
contrast motivation with learning - Answers - Learning, while dependent on motivation,
is
not immediately demonstrated in behaviors and
is more permanent. As for motivation,
behavioral changes occur more quickly but are not permanent.
Occurrence of overt behavior as evidence of motivation- its absence does not
necessarily mean what? - Answers - Absence of overt behaviors do not necessarily
mean lack of motivation. Organism may still
experience internal symptoms such as heart rate increase or adrenaline output.
both causal observation and lab research suggest that __ behavior is more motivated
than __ behavior. - Answers - energetic;hesitant
vigorous responses do not always mean high motivation example - Answers - The book
gives the example of the rat pressing
down the lever vigorously in order to receive
food. This does not necessarily mean is more motivated to receive food than a rat
pressing
softly on the lever, but instead that he was
taught to press vigorously.
what is the goal of preference testing? - Answers - Preference tests aim to determine
which
alternative offered is most motivating to an
organism.
nomothetic approach - Answers - development of general/universal laws- applicable to
widest range of solutions; dominates in motivation
idiographic approach - Answers - understand behavior by looking at individual
differences
, What is the main difference in focus between the nomothetic and the idiographic
approach? (p. 7-8) - Answers - The nomothetic approach studies how people
and animals are similar. The idiographic
approach examines how people differ from each other and are unique.
Term by McDougall & James to describe innate motives - Answers - instincts
According to the text, different motive states can be conceptualized as needs that
promote need-reducing behaviors. How are needs usually viewed? (p. 8) - Answers -
Usually needs are viewed as internal sources of
motivation that activate and direct behavior to
alleviate deprivation.
assumptions of mechanistic approach - Answers - Specific factors activate circuits that
motivate
the organism to engage in behavior
assumptions of cognitive approach - Answers - Interpretation of events influences
motivation
four main categories of analysis - Answers - physiological, social, individual,
philosophical
what has direct manipulation of the brain by electrical stimulation shown us? - Answers -
Brain circuits exist that may be active when
rewards occur
Activity of large groups of brain cells can be recorded by __, small groups and single
neurons can be recorded by ___. - Answers - EEG; depth electrodes
If we detect behavioral changes in several individuals during an experiment, what is it
proper to assume? - Answers - generality; According to the nomothetic approach, it
could be presumed that changes could be representative of people in general.
Banduras Bobo doll research suggests - Answers - Aggressive behaviors can be
learned through
observation and modeling and does not need
practice or reinforcement.
Descartes' idea of ____________________ states that humans are motivated by both
body (or _________________) and soul (or __________________). - Answers -
dualism; instinct; will
The two sources of ideas, according to John Locke, are the conversion of
_____________________ into _____________________________, and
