NURS 6011 and 6013 Exam 2 Questions
with complete solutions 2025
the .__ .is .the .site .of .the .cough .reflex .- .ANS✓✓-carina
patients .who .need .nasotracheal .suctioning .will .cough .when .the .nasotracheal
.tubing .reaches .the .- .ANS✓✓-carina .(approximately .the .2nd .rib .space) .
this .signals .that .tubing .is .near .the .lungs .and .if .the .cough .is .effective
.suctioning .may .begin
during .CPR .hand .are .placed .above .the .__ .process .to .avoid .breaking .it .off .form
.the .sternum .and .causing .complications .such .as .pneumothorax, .hemothorax, .or
.liver .injury .- .ANS✓✓-xiphoid
the .left .lung .has .__ .lobes. .the .right .lung .has .__ .lobes .- .ANS✓✓-two, .three
the .__ .refers .to .the .very .bottom .of .the .lung .fields, .the .__ .is .the .very .top
.opposite .of .the .labeling .of .the .heart .- .ANS✓✓-base, .apex
lungs .are .auscultated .from .- .ANS✓✓-apex .to .base
the .apex .of .each .lung .rises .above .the .clavicle .where .lungs .sounds .are .___ .-
.ANS✓✓-audible
breath .sounds .over .the .trachea .and .mainstream .bronchi .are .__ .and .__ .than
.over .the .other .lung .fields .because .these .airways .have .larger .diameters .and
.thus .more .airflow .than .smaller .airways .- .ANS✓✓-louder .and .harsher
gas .exchange .occurs .in .- .ANS✓✓-the .alveoli .of .the .lungs
when .fluid .fills .the .alveoli .__ .__ .may .be .audible .on .auscultation .- .ANS✓✓-fine
.crackles
excessive .fluid .in .the .alveoli .interfere .with .- .ANS✓✓-gas .exchange, .resulting .in
.decreased .or .absent .breath .sounds .in .that .portion .of .the .lung
the .upper .respiratory .tract .is .responsible .for .- .ANS✓✓-moisturizing .inhaled .air
.and .filtering .noxious .particles
,respiration .- .ANS✓✓-is .primarily .an .automatic .process .initiated .by .the
.respiratory .center .of .the .brainstem .(pons .and .medulla) .based .on .cellular
.demands
the .main .trigger .for .breathing .is .- .ANS✓✓-increased .level .of .carbon .dioxide .in
.the .blood
when .breathing .is .trigger .- .ANS✓✓-the .diaphragm .contacts .and .flattens .pulling
.the .lungs .down. .the .thorax .and .lungs .elongate .increasing .the .vertical .diameter
with .aging .respiratory .strength .__ .- .ANS✓✓-declines
with .aging .respiratory .strength .declines .lungs .lose .__, .flexibility .__ .in .the
.cartilage .of .the .ribs, .and .bone .density .___. .- .ANS✓✓-elasticity, .decreases,
.decreases
if .a .patient .has .acute .shortness .of .breath, .immediately .assess .airway
.respiratory .and .pulse .rates, .BP, .and .oxygen .saturation. .Auscultate .the .lungs .to
.identify? .- .ANS✓✓-abnormalities .such .as .diminished .or .absent .breath .sounds
.or .evidence .of .fluid .in .the .lungs .
-administer .oxygen .or .a .bronchodilating .inhaler .as .ordered. .if .the .patient .is .in
.bed .elevate .the .head .of .the .bed .to .reduce .the .effect .of .gravity .on .the .effort .of
.breathing
orthopnea .- .ANS✓✓-difficulty .breathing .when .lying .flat .often .sleep .on .two .or
.more .pillows .or .even .in .recliners
paroxysmal .nocturnal .dyspnea .(PND) .- .ANS✓✓-patients .who .awaken .at .night
.with .sudden .shortness .of .breath. .the .cause .is .fluid .overload .resulting .from .the
.elevation .of .the .legs, .which .shifts .the .fluid .present .there .to .the .bodies .core
wheezing .- .ANS✓✓-associated .with .asthma, .CHF, .and .bronchitis .
-it .occurs .in .response .to .narrowed .bronchioles .
-wheezing .with .asthma .is .worse .in .response .to .offending .allergies, .at .night,
.and .in .the .early .morning
patients .in .respiratory .distress .or .with .COPD .often .assume .a .__ .position,
.leaning .forward .on .a .stationary .object .such .as .table .or .with .their .elbows .on
.their .knees. .this .position .increases .the .size .of .the .thoracic .cavity, .facilitating
.airflow. .- .ANS✓✓-tripod
hypoxemia .- .ANS✓✓-a .low .level .of .oxygen .in .the .blood
bradypnea .- .ANS✓✓-is .less .than .10 .breaths/min
tachypnea .- .ANS✓✓-is .breathing .greater .than .24 .breaths/min
,pallor .or .cyanosis .of .the .nail .beds .indicate .__ .- .ANS✓✓-hypoxia
crackles .- .ANS✓✓-are .discontinuous .sounds .that .are .caused .by .fluid .in .the
.airways .or .alveoli .or .that .result .from .the .opening .of .collapsed .airways .and
.alveoli .while .they .reinflate .during .deep .breathing. .they .sound .like .hairs .rubbing
.together .near .the .ear .or .velcro .opening .and .are .most .often .heard .on
.inspiration .although .they .can .occasionally .be .heard .during .expiration
__ .are .continous, .high-pitched, .musical .sounds .caused .by .air .squeezing
.through .narrowed .airways, .as .occurs .in .asthma. .- .ANS✓✓-wheezing
rhonchi .- .ANS✓✓-continous, .low-pitched, .snoring .sounds .resulting .from
.secretions .moving .around .in .airways. .may .be .clear .with .coughing .and .are
.heard .most .commonly .in .patients .with .chronic .bronchitis
Bronchophony .- .ANS✓✓-the .word .99 .is .clear .and .louder .over .denser .areas. .it
.sounds .as .if .the .patient .is .speaking .directly .into .the .stethoscope .this .is
.documented .as .positive .bronchophony
egophony .- .ANS✓✓-the ."EEE" .sounds .like .a .loud ."AAA"
bronchial .breath .sounds .- .ANS✓✓-loud .and .high .pitch .
coarse .and .tubular .
inspiration .less .than .expiration .
usually .in .larynx .and .trachea
bronchovesicular .breath .sounds .- .ANS✓✓-intermediate .and .intermediate .in
.intensity .and .pitch .
intermediated .quality .
inspiration .equal .to .expiration .
usually .anteriorly .between .1st .and .2nd .ICS; .between .scapula
vesicular .breath .sounds .- .ANS✓✓-soft .and .low .intensity .and .pitch .
whispering .undertones .
inspiration .greater .than .expiration .
usually .over .most .of .the .lung .fields
common .respiratory .symptoms .include .- .ANS✓✓-chest .pain .
dyspnea .
orthopnea .
paroxysmal .nocturnal .dyspnea .
cough .
sputum .
audible .wheezing .
change .in .functional .ability
abnormal .breathing .patterns .include .- .ANS✓✓-tachypnea .
hyperventilation .
, bradypnea .
hypoventilation .
cheyne-strokes .respiration .
biot .breathing .
axonal .breathing .
apnea
adventitious .lung .sounds .include .- .ANS✓✓-crackles, .wheezes, .rhonchi, .pleural
.friction .rub, .and .stridor
structurally .the .respiratory .system .is .divided .into .upper .and .lower .portions .the
.upper .portion .- .ANS✓✓-warms, .moisturizes, .and .transports .air .to .the .lower
.position .where .oxygen .and .ventilation .occur
the .bony .thoracic .cage .includes .the .- .ANS✓✓-sternum .and .clavicle .anteriorly .
scapulae .and .12 .vertebrae .posterior .and .12 .pairs .of .ribs .encircling .the .thoracic
.cage
the .thoracic .cavity .contains .three .main .compartments .- .ANS✓✓-airways .
blood .vessels .
interstitium
the .two .pulmonary .arteries .carry .deoxygenated .blood .from .the .__ .side .of .the
.heart .to .each .lung, .where .gas .exchange .occurs, .whereas .two .pulmonary .veins
.return .oxygenated .blood .to? .- .ANS✓✓-right, .left .side .of .the .heart .for
.circulation .to .the .rest .of .the .body
apnea .- .ANS✓✓-no .breathing .at .all
hypoventilation .- .ANS✓✓-slow .breathing
hyperventilation .- .ANS✓✓-fast .breathing
sputum .- .ANS✓✓-mucus .that .is .coughed .up .form .the .lower .airways .the
.trachea .and .bronchi
the .mucoid .sputum .of .bronchitis .is .- .ANS✓✓-clear .and .white
purulent .yellow .or .green .sputum .or .creamy .sputum .especially .with .a .foul .odor
.indicates .the .presence .of .- .ANS✓✓-white .cells .and .bacterial .infection
rust .colored .sputum .is .found .with .- .ANS✓✓-TB, .pneumococcal .pneumonia
___ .breath .sounds .are .soft, .low-pitched, .and .found .over .fine .airways .near .the
.site .of .air .exchange .- .ANS✓✓-vesicular
with complete solutions 2025
the .__ .is .the .site .of .the .cough .reflex .- .ANS✓✓-carina
patients .who .need .nasotracheal .suctioning .will .cough .when .the .nasotracheal
.tubing .reaches .the .- .ANS✓✓-carina .(approximately .the .2nd .rib .space) .
this .signals .that .tubing .is .near .the .lungs .and .if .the .cough .is .effective
.suctioning .may .begin
during .CPR .hand .are .placed .above .the .__ .process .to .avoid .breaking .it .off .form
.the .sternum .and .causing .complications .such .as .pneumothorax, .hemothorax, .or
.liver .injury .- .ANS✓✓-xiphoid
the .left .lung .has .__ .lobes. .the .right .lung .has .__ .lobes .- .ANS✓✓-two, .three
the .__ .refers .to .the .very .bottom .of .the .lung .fields, .the .__ .is .the .very .top
.opposite .of .the .labeling .of .the .heart .- .ANS✓✓-base, .apex
lungs .are .auscultated .from .- .ANS✓✓-apex .to .base
the .apex .of .each .lung .rises .above .the .clavicle .where .lungs .sounds .are .___ .-
.ANS✓✓-audible
breath .sounds .over .the .trachea .and .mainstream .bronchi .are .__ .and .__ .than
.over .the .other .lung .fields .because .these .airways .have .larger .diameters .and
.thus .more .airflow .than .smaller .airways .- .ANS✓✓-louder .and .harsher
gas .exchange .occurs .in .- .ANS✓✓-the .alveoli .of .the .lungs
when .fluid .fills .the .alveoli .__ .__ .may .be .audible .on .auscultation .- .ANS✓✓-fine
.crackles
excessive .fluid .in .the .alveoli .interfere .with .- .ANS✓✓-gas .exchange, .resulting .in
.decreased .or .absent .breath .sounds .in .that .portion .of .the .lung
the .upper .respiratory .tract .is .responsible .for .- .ANS✓✓-moisturizing .inhaled .air
.and .filtering .noxious .particles
,respiration .- .ANS✓✓-is .primarily .an .automatic .process .initiated .by .the
.respiratory .center .of .the .brainstem .(pons .and .medulla) .based .on .cellular
.demands
the .main .trigger .for .breathing .is .- .ANS✓✓-increased .level .of .carbon .dioxide .in
.the .blood
when .breathing .is .trigger .- .ANS✓✓-the .diaphragm .contacts .and .flattens .pulling
.the .lungs .down. .the .thorax .and .lungs .elongate .increasing .the .vertical .diameter
with .aging .respiratory .strength .__ .- .ANS✓✓-declines
with .aging .respiratory .strength .declines .lungs .lose .__, .flexibility .__ .in .the
.cartilage .of .the .ribs, .and .bone .density .___. .- .ANS✓✓-elasticity, .decreases,
.decreases
if .a .patient .has .acute .shortness .of .breath, .immediately .assess .airway
.respiratory .and .pulse .rates, .BP, .and .oxygen .saturation. .Auscultate .the .lungs .to
.identify? .- .ANS✓✓-abnormalities .such .as .diminished .or .absent .breath .sounds
.or .evidence .of .fluid .in .the .lungs .
-administer .oxygen .or .a .bronchodilating .inhaler .as .ordered. .if .the .patient .is .in
.bed .elevate .the .head .of .the .bed .to .reduce .the .effect .of .gravity .on .the .effort .of
.breathing
orthopnea .- .ANS✓✓-difficulty .breathing .when .lying .flat .often .sleep .on .two .or
.more .pillows .or .even .in .recliners
paroxysmal .nocturnal .dyspnea .(PND) .- .ANS✓✓-patients .who .awaken .at .night
.with .sudden .shortness .of .breath. .the .cause .is .fluid .overload .resulting .from .the
.elevation .of .the .legs, .which .shifts .the .fluid .present .there .to .the .bodies .core
wheezing .- .ANS✓✓-associated .with .asthma, .CHF, .and .bronchitis .
-it .occurs .in .response .to .narrowed .bronchioles .
-wheezing .with .asthma .is .worse .in .response .to .offending .allergies, .at .night,
.and .in .the .early .morning
patients .in .respiratory .distress .or .with .COPD .often .assume .a .__ .position,
.leaning .forward .on .a .stationary .object .such .as .table .or .with .their .elbows .on
.their .knees. .this .position .increases .the .size .of .the .thoracic .cavity, .facilitating
.airflow. .- .ANS✓✓-tripod
hypoxemia .- .ANS✓✓-a .low .level .of .oxygen .in .the .blood
bradypnea .- .ANS✓✓-is .less .than .10 .breaths/min
tachypnea .- .ANS✓✓-is .breathing .greater .than .24 .breaths/min
,pallor .or .cyanosis .of .the .nail .beds .indicate .__ .- .ANS✓✓-hypoxia
crackles .- .ANS✓✓-are .discontinuous .sounds .that .are .caused .by .fluid .in .the
.airways .or .alveoli .or .that .result .from .the .opening .of .collapsed .airways .and
.alveoli .while .they .reinflate .during .deep .breathing. .they .sound .like .hairs .rubbing
.together .near .the .ear .or .velcro .opening .and .are .most .often .heard .on
.inspiration .although .they .can .occasionally .be .heard .during .expiration
__ .are .continous, .high-pitched, .musical .sounds .caused .by .air .squeezing
.through .narrowed .airways, .as .occurs .in .asthma. .- .ANS✓✓-wheezing
rhonchi .- .ANS✓✓-continous, .low-pitched, .snoring .sounds .resulting .from
.secretions .moving .around .in .airways. .may .be .clear .with .coughing .and .are
.heard .most .commonly .in .patients .with .chronic .bronchitis
Bronchophony .- .ANS✓✓-the .word .99 .is .clear .and .louder .over .denser .areas. .it
.sounds .as .if .the .patient .is .speaking .directly .into .the .stethoscope .this .is
.documented .as .positive .bronchophony
egophony .- .ANS✓✓-the ."EEE" .sounds .like .a .loud ."AAA"
bronchial .breath .sounds .- .ANS✓✓-loud .and .high .pitch .
coarse .and .tubular .
inspiration .less .than .expiration .
usually .in .larynx .and .trachea
bronchovesicular .breath .sounds .- .ANS✓✓-intermediate .and .intermediate .in
.intensity .and .pitch .
intermediated .quality .
inspiration .equal .to .expiration .
usually .anteriorly .between .1st .and .2nd .ICS; .between .scapula
vesicular .breath .sounds .- .ANS✓✓-soft .and .low .intensity .and .pitch .
whispering .undertones .
inspiration .greater .than .expiration .
usually .over .most .of .the .lung .fields
common .respiratory .symptoms .include .- .ANS✓✓-chest .pain .
dyspnea .
orthopnea .
paroxysmal .nocturnal .dyspnea .
cough .
sputum .
audible .wheezing .
change .in .functional .ability
abnormal .breathing .patterns .include .- .ANS✓✓-tachypnea .
hyperventilation .
, bradypnea .
hypoventilation .
cheyne-strokes .respiration .
biot .breathing .
axonal .breathing .
apnea
adventitious .lung .sounds .include .- .ANS✓✓-crackles, .wheezes, .rhonchi, .pleural
.friction .rub, .and .stridor
structurally .the .respiratory .system .is .divided .into .upper .and .lower .portions .the
.upper .portion .- .ANS✓✓-warms, .moisturizes, .and .transports .air .to .the .lower
.position .where .oxygen .and .ventilation .occur
the .bony .thoracic .cage .includes .the .- .ANS✓✓-sternum .and .clavicle .anteriorly .
scapulae .and .12 .vertebrae .posterior .and .12 .pairs .of .ribs .encircling .the .thoracic
.cage
the .thoracic .cavity .contains .three .main .compartments .- .ANS✓✓-airways .
blood .vessels .
interstitium
the .two .pulmonary .arteries .carry .deoxygenated .blood .from .the .__ .side .of .the
.heart .to .each .lung, .where .gas .exchange .occurs, .whereas .two .pulmonary .veins
.return .oxygenated .blood .to? .- .ANS✓✓-right, .left .side .of .the .heart .for
.circulation .to .the .rest .of .the .body
apnea .- .ANS✓✓-no .breathing .at .all
hypoventilation .- .ANS✓✓-slow .breathing
hyperventilation .- .ANS✓✓-fast .breathing
sputum .- .ANS✓✓-mucus .that .is .coughed .up .form .the .lower .airways .the
.trachea .and .bronchi
the .mucoid .sputum .of .bronchitis .is .- .ANS✓✓-clear .and .white
purulent .yellow .or .green .sputum .or .creamy .sputum .especially .with .a .foul .odor
.indicates .the .presence .of .- .ANS✓✓-white .cells .and .bacterial .infection
rust .colored .sputum .is .found .with .- .ANS✓✓-TB, .pneumococcal .pneumonia
___ .breath .sounds .are .soft, .low-pitched, .and .found .over .fine .airways .near .the
.site .of .air .exchange .- .ANS✓✓-vesicular
