NCS Exam (questions with verified solutions) 2025-2026
latest update
1. What is
inherited disorder, malfunction of Huntington gene located on
Huntington's
chromo- some 4 - repeat of CAG triplets
Disease?
severe loss of neurons in the caudate and putamen with
2. What is the
subsequent astrocytosis; head of caudate becomes shrunken
pathology of HD?
and there is dilatation of the anterior horns of lateral ventricles;
also see neuronal degeneration within the temporal and frontal
lobes of the cerebral cortex, globus pal- lidus, thalamus,
subthalamic nucleus, substantial nigra, and cerebellum
3. Why does HD
Because of loss of projection neurons in D2 pathway, causing
produce
disinhibi- tion of the thalamus, which excites the cortex
hyperkinetic move-
ments in early
stage? Loss of striatal projection neurons of the direct D1 pathway as well
as cortical neurons
4. Why does HD
produce
hypokinetic move-
ments in the late
stage?
5. When does juvenile on- Before age 20
set of HD occur?
6. What characterizes medications involved in managing HD
the difference
between ju- venile 8. What are some ex- amples of
onset HD and antichore-
typical HD?
7. What are the two
main classes of
1/
83
, NCS Exam (questions with verified solutions) 2025-2026
latest update
Early phase involves bradykinesia,
rigidity, tremor, and myoclonus
similar to PD; can have seizures
and mental disability; faster disease
progression (10 years vs. 19
years)
Antichoreic/anti-psychotics and anti-
depressants
2/
83
, NCS Exam (questions with verified solutions) 2025-2026
latest update
ic/anti-psychotics Antichoreic/anti-psychotics: tetrabenazine, olanzpine, risperdal, que-
and anti- tiapine/seroquel, ziiprasidone/geodon, aripiprazole/abilify, haldol,
depressants used fluphenazine/prolixin
to manage HD?
UHDRS
9. What outcome Total Functional Capacity Scale
mea- sures are Single Limb Stance
recommend- ed for Reactive Pull Test
use with HD? 6MWT, TUG, 10MWT, BBS, Tinetti
ABC, 4SST
5xSTS
Each item 0-4 where 0 = normal, 4 = severe
10. How is the UH-
DRS motor assessment Total score possible 124
scored?
11. How are HD stages Total Functional Capacity Scale
de- termined?
(Using what scale?)
12. How is the Higher scores are better (more functional); can score up to a 13
TFCS scored?
13. What TFCS equates Stage 1
to early stage HD?
14. What TFCS equates Stage II and III
to middle stage HD?
15. What TFCS equates Stage IV and V
to late stage HD?
3/
83
, NCS Exam (questions with verified solutions) 2025-2026
latest update
16. Early stages, because of cognitive impairments in later stages
4/
83
latest update
1. What is
inherited disorder, malfunction of Huntington gene located on
Huntington's
chromo- some 4 - repeat of CAG triplets
Disease?
severe loss of neurons in the caudate and putamen with
2. What is the
subsequent astrocytosis; head of caudate becomes shrunken
pathology of HD?
and there is dilatation of the anterior horns of lateral ventricles;
also see neuronal degeneration within the temporal and frontal
lobes of the cerebral cortex, globus pal- lidus, thalamus,
subthalamic nucleus, substantial nigra, and cerebellum
3. Why does HD
Because of loss of projection neurons in D2 pathway, causing
produce
disinhibi- tion of the thalamus, which excites the cortex
hyperkinetic move-
ments in early
stage? Loss of striatal projection neurons of the direct D1 pathway as well
as cortical neurons
4. Why does HD
produce
hypokinetic move-
ments in the late
stage?
5. When does juvenile on- Before age 20
set of HD occur?
6. What characterizes medications involved in managing HD
the difference
between ju- venile 8. What are some ex- amples of
onset HD and antichore-
typical HD?
7. What are the two
main classes of
1/
83
, NCS Exam (questions with verified solutions) 2025-2026
latest update
Early phase involves bradykinesia,
rigidity, tremor, and myoclonus
similar to PD; can have seizures
and mental disability; faster disease
progression (10 years vs. 19
years)
Antichoreic/anti-psychotics and anti-
depressants
2/
83
, NCS Exam (questions with verified solutions) 2025-2026
latest update
ic/anti-psychotics Antichoreic/anti-psychotics: tetrabenazine, olanzpine, risperdal, que-
and anti- tiapine/seroquel, ziiprasidone/geodon, aripiprazole/abilify, haldol,
depressants used fluphenazine/prolixin
to manage HD?
UHDRS
9. What outcome Total Functional Capacity Scale
mea- sures are Single Limb Stance
recommend- ed for Reactive Pull Test
use with HD? 6MWT, TUG, 10MWT, BBS, Tinetti
ABC, 4SST
5xSTS
Each item 0-4 where 0 = normal, 4 = severe
10. How is the UH-
DRS motor assessment Total score possible 124
scored?
11. How are HD stages Total Functional Capacity Scale
de- termined?
(Using what scale?)
12. How is the Higher scores are better (more functional); can score up to a 13
TFCS scored?
13. What TFCS equates Stage 1
to early stage HD?
14. What TFCS equates Stage II and III
to middle stage HD?
15. What TFCS equates Stage IV and V
to late stage HD?
3/
83
, NCS Exam (questions with verified solutions) 2025-2026
latest update
16. Early stages, because of cognitive impairments in later stages
4/
83
