CHEM 334 - Exam 2 Questions with Verified Solutions Latest Version 2025-2026 Already Passed
Examples of Strongly activating substituents - Answers NH2
NHR
NR2
OH
OR
Moderately activating substituents - Answers donate electrons by resonance in 2 competing directions
Strongly activating substituents - Answers always donate electrons by resonance and withdraw electrons
by induction
Examples of moderately activating substituents - Answers Carbonyl groups with:
NH R
OR
OH
Weakly activating substituents - Answers Ortho: halogens
F
Cl
Br
I
Strongly deactivating substituents - Answers NO2
NH3
CF3
CCl3
Moderately deactivating substituents - Answers Carboxylic acid, aldehyde, carboxylic ester, ketone,
amide, nitrile, sulfuric acid
meta is associated with: - Answers deactivating
ortho and para are associated with: - Answers halogens and activating
, cyclic anhydrides do what? - Answers add ring on aromatic
If adding NO2 to a benzene ring that already has a substituent: - Answers add the NO2 meta to the
original substituent
which is better: stronger activator or weak activator? - Answers a strong activator is better
which is better: strong deactivator or weak deactivator? - Answers a weak deactivator is better
groups with multiple bonds on atom adjacent to benzene ring are: - Answers deactivating groups
groups with lone pairs on atom adjacent to benzene ring are: - Answers activating groups
Do sterics affect substitution? - Answers YES
Arenediazonium salt reactions - Answers synthesizes aromatic reactions
EAS - Answers electrophilic aromatic substitution
Reduction - Answers increase in hydrogen or decrease in oxygen
LiAlH4 - Answers strong reducing agent
NaBH4 - Answers weaker reducing agent, only takes aldehydes and ketones to alcohols
Oxidation - Answers increasing oxygen or decreasing hydrogen, Alc: only occurs in primary and
secondary alcohols
Chromic Acid (H2CrO4) - Answers strong oxidizing agent, Jones
KMnO4 - Answers strong oxidizing agent
PCC - Answers weak oxidizing agent
H3O+ as a reagent in an Arenediazonium Salt Rxn - Answers substitues N=-N + with OH
CuCl as reagent in Arenediazonium Salt Rxn - Answers substitutes N-=+ with Cl
CuBr as reagent in Arenediazonium Salt Rxn - Answers substitues N-=N+ with Br
CuCN as reagent in Arenediazonium Salt Rxn - Answers substitutes N-=N+ with CN
KI as reagent in Arenediazonium Salt Rxn - Answers substitutes N-=N+ with I
HBF4 as reagent in Arenediazonium Salt Rxn - Answers substitutes N-=N+ with F
H3PO4 as reagent in Arenediazonium Salt Rxn - Answers substitutes N-=N+ with H
Add e- to the ring means - Answers ortho/para directing (usually Para)
Examples of Strongly activating substituents - Answers NH2
NHR
NR2
OH
OR
Moderately activating substituents - Answers donate electrons by resonance in 2 competing directions
Strongly activating substituents - Answers always donate electrons by resonance and withdraw electrons
by induction
Examples of moderately activating substituents - Answers Carbonyl groups with:
NH R
OR
OH
Weakly activating substituents - Answers Ortho: halogens
F
Cl
Br
I
Strongly deactivating substituents - Answers NO2
NH3
CF3
CCl3
Moderately deactivating substituents - Answers Carboxylic acid, aldehyde, carboxylic ester, ketone,
amide, nitrile, sulfuric acid
meta is associated with: - Answers deactivating
ortho and para are associated with: - Answers halogens and activating
, cyclic anhydrides do what? - Answers add ring on aromatic
If adding NO2 to a benzene ring that already has a substituent: - Answers add the NO2 meta to the
original substituent
which is better: stronger activator or weak activator? - Answers a strong activator is better
which is better: strong deactivator or weak deactivator? - Answers a weak deactivator is better
groups with multiple bonds on atom adjacent to benzene ring are: - Answers deactivating groups
groups with lone pairs on atom adjacent to benzene ring are: - Answers activating groups
Do sterics affect substitution? - Answers YES
Arenediazonium salt reactions - Answers synthesizes aromatic reactions
EAS - Answers electrophilic aromatic substitution
Reduction - Answers increase in hydrogen or decrease in oxygen
LiAlH4 - Answers strong reducing agent
NaBH4 - Answers weaker reducing agent, only takes aldehydes and ketones to alcohols
Oxidation - Answers increasing oxygen or decreasing hydrogen, Alc: only occurs in primary and
secondary alcohols
Chromic Acid (H2CrO4) - Answers strong oxidizing agent, Jones
KMnO4 - Answers strong oxidizing agent
PCC - Answers weak oxidizing agent
H3O+ as a reagent in an Arenediazonium Salt Rxn - Answers substitues N=-N + with OH
CuCl as reagent in Arenediazonium Salt Rxn - Answers substitutes N-=+ with Cl
CuBr as reagent in Arenediazonium Salt Rxn - Answers substitues N-=N+ with Br
CuCN as reagent in Arenediazonium Salt Rxn - Answers substitutes N-=N+ with CN
KI as reagent in Arenediazonium Salt Rxn - Answers substitutes N-=N+ with I
HBF4 as reagent in Arenediazonium Salt Rxn - Answers substitutes N-=N+ with F
H3PO4 as reagent in Arenediazonium Salt Rxn - Answers substitutes N-=N+ with H
Add e- to the ring means - Answers ortho/para directing (usually Para)
